From DNA to Protein Flashcards
1
Q
What 2 processes take DNA to Protein
A
- Transcription (RNA synthesis)
2. Translation (Protein synthesis)
2
Q
Transcription
A
DNA—RNA
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
3
Q
what are the 3 parts to each gene?
A
- promoter region
- body
- termination signal
4
Q
promoter region of a gene
A
where RNA polymerase binds
5
Q
body of a gene
A
begins with the start codon
6
Q
termination signal of a gene
A
end codon and signal for RNA polymerase to detach
7
Q
What is the Machinery for transcription
A
- transcription factors
- RNA Polymerase
8
Q
Transcription factors
A
recognize promoter region and signals the polymerase to bind
9
Q
RNA Polymerase
A
pulls DNA strands apart; creates RNA strand from the DNA template strand
10
Q
Initiation of transcription
A
- transcription factors find and attach to the promoter
- RNA polymerase attaches to DNA
- Polymerase separates DNA and begins synthesis of RNA from DNA template strand
- -reads 3 to 5 prime
- -creates 5 to 3 prime
11
Q
Elongation of transcription
A
- RNA polymerase travels down DNA template
- Creates RNA strand with bases complementary to DNA strand
- RNA strand separates so DNA strand can reattach and recoil
12
Q
Termination of transcription
A
- At termination signal polymerase releases DNA and RNA
- RNA strand that is created is mRNA
- -goes from the nucleous to the cytosol
13
Q
what are the 3 types of RNA
A
- mRNA
- rRNA
- tRNA
14
Q
mRNA
A
messenger RNA
-RNA code for proteins
15
Q
rRNA
A
Ribosomal RNA
- RNA-protein complex that reads mRNA and builds proteins
- in the cytosol mostly on the rough endoplasmic reticulem
