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Chemistry X > Organic Chemistry Part 2 - Unit 2 Topic 5 > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Part 2 - Unit 2 Topic 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Greek:
What does poly mean?
What does mer mean?

A

Many

Part

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2
Q

What are polymers?

A

Large organic molecules formed when small molecules join together in long chains.

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3
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

Produces a large macromolecule by chemically adding together many small molecules.

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4
Q

What is addition polymerisation?

A

Process of adding monomers together to make a polymer.

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5
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Small molecules that add together to make a polymer.

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6
Q

How is polythene made?

A

Joining together ethene molecules.

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7
Q

How is polyvinylchloride made?

A

Joining together lots of molecules of vinyl chloride (chloroethene)

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8
Q

Draw a diagram of Ethene -> polyethene

A

Check book

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9
Q

Drew a diagram of vinyl chloride -> polyvinylchloride

A

See book

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10
Q

What are the properties of polythene?

A

Light, flexible + resistant to attack by acids + alkalis.

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11
Q

Why are the uses of polythene?

A

Cling film, plastic bags, bottles, buckets + basins

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12
Q

What are the properties of PVC?

A

Tough, durable, waterproof + a good insulator.

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13
Q

What are the uses of PVC?

A

Electric cables, guttering, drain pipes, umbrellas + window frames.

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14
Q

What are the benefits of plastics?

A

Less dense than other materials, resistant to chemicals + water, insulating, long lasting, inexpensive to produce.

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15
Q

Symbol equation to show how polypropene is made from ethene.

A

n[CH2CHCH3] -> -[CH2-CHCH3]

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16
Q

What are the advantages of landfill?

A

Local treatment so less transport needed, landscape can be re-landscaped after use.

17
Q

Disadvantages of landfill?

A

Wastes land + polluting gases released.

18
Q

Advantages of incineration?

A

Less waste going to landfill + heat energy can generate electricity.

19
Q

Disadvantages of incineration?

A

Ash reside is toxic + polluting gases are released.

20
Q

What plastics can be melted and remoulded?

A

Thermoplastics.

21
Q

What are biodegradable plastics made from?

A

Maize starch

22
Q

What is the general formula of alcohols?
What are they derived from? Why?
Which is water soluble?

A

C(n)H(2n+1)OH
Alkanes. Replace H atom by a hydroxyl group (-OH)
Ethanol

23
Q

Molecular formula, state at room temp + boiling point of methanol + ethanol?

A

CH3OH. Liquid. 65°C.

C2H5OH. Liquid. 79°C.

24
Q

Structural formula of methanol?

A 
H
             |
H-----C-----OH
            |
           H
25
Q

Structural formula of ethanol?

A 
H     H      H
       |       |        |
H--C---C----O
       |       |
      H     H
26
Q

What are the uses of ethanol?

A

Alcoholic beverages, solvent, fuel.

27
Q

When does fermentation occur?

A

Mixture of yeast + aqueous glucose solution kept in warm place.

28
Q

What is fermentation?

A

Process of yeast converting sugar into carbon dioxide and alcohol.

29
Q

Word equation for fermentation?

A

Glucose ——> Carbon dioxide + ethanol

Enzyme in yeast

30
Q

When is yeast killed?

How can you concentrate it further?

A

When proportion of ethanol reaches 14%. Any further concentration must be carried out by fractional distillation.

31
Q

How is ethanol made?

A

Catalytic hydration of ethene.

32
Q

What is a hydration reaction?

A

When water is being added to a molecule.

33
Q

Word + symbol equation for making ethanol with ethene?

A

Ethene + Water (steam) —> Ethanol

C2H4 + H2O —> C2H5OH

34
Q

What are the harmful effects of alcohol?

A

Damages liver, impaired coordination, slower responses.

35
Q

What are used to detect alcohol levels in blood?
How do they work?
What is a more accurate Method?

A

Breathalysers
Potassium dichromate changes colour from orange to green when ethanol is present.
Oxides ethanol to Ethanoic acid which changes colour.
Infrared spectroscopy, determines exact amount present.

36
Q

What are the advantages of ethanol as a fuel?

A

Clean + smokeless, liquid, easily transferred + stored, doesn’t produce sulphur dioxide (acid rain) + carbon neutral.

37
Q

What are the carboxylic acids?

Give their molecular formula, state at room temp and boiling temp.

A 
Methanoic Acid, HCOOH, liquid, 101°C.
Ethanoic acid (vinegar), CH3COOH, liquid, 118°C.
38
Q

Draw the structural formula of methanoic acid.

A 
O
       ||
       C
       /  \
    H    OH
39
Q

Draw the structural formula of Ethanoic acid.

A 
H              O
         |               //
H---C-------C
         |               \
        H              O----H

Chemistry X (28 decks)

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