Organic Chemistry Part 2 - Unit 2 Topic 5 Flashcards
Greek:
What does poly mean?
What does mer mean?
Many
Part
What are polymers?
Large organic molecules formed when small molecules join together in long chains.
What is polymerisation?
Produces a large macromolecule by chemically adding together many small molecules.
What is addition polymerisation?
Process of adding monomers together to make a polymer.
What is a monomer?
Small molecules that add together to make a polymer.
How is polythene made?
Joining together ethene molecules.
How is polyvinylchloride made?
Joining together lots of molecules of vinyl chloride (chloroethene)
Draw a diagram of Ethene -> polyethene
Check book
Drew a diagram of vinyl chloride -> polyvinylchloride
See book
What are the properties of polythene?
Light, flexible + resistant to attack by acids + alkalis.
Why are the uses of polythene?
Cling film, plastic bags, bottles, buckets + basins
What are the properties of PVC?
Tough, durable, waterproof + a good insulator.
What are the uses of PVC?
Electric cables, guttering, drain pipes, umbrellas + window frames.
What are the benefits of plastics?
Less dense than other materials, resistant to chemicals + water, insulating, long lasting, inexpensive to produce.
Symbol equation to show how polypropene is made from ethene.
n[CH2CHCH3] -> -[CH2-CHCH3]
What are the advantages of landfill?
Local treatment so less transport needed, landscape can be re-landscaped after use.
Disadvantages of landfill?
Wastes land + polluting gases released.
Advantages of incineration?
Less waste going to landfill + heat energy can generate electricity.
Disadvantages of incineration?
Ash reside is toxic + polluting gases are released.
What plastics can be melted and remoulded?
Thermoplastics.
What are biodegradable plastics made from?
Maize starch
What is the general formula of alcohols?
What are they derived from? Why?
Which is water soluble?
C(n)H(2n+1)OH
Alkanes. Replace H atom by a hydroxyl group (-OH)
Ethanol
Molecular formula, state at room temp + boiling point of methanol + ethanol?
CH3OH. Liquid. 65°C.
C2H5OH. Liquid. 79°C.
Structural formula of methanol?
H
|
H-----C-----OH
|
HStructural formula of ethanol?
H H H
| | |
H--C---C----O
| |
H HWhat are the uses of ethanol?
Alcoholic beverages, solvent, fuel.
When does fermentation occur?
Mixture of yeast + aqueous glucose solution kept in warm place.
What is fermentation?
Process of yeast converting sugar into carbon dioxide and alcohol.
Word equation for fermentation?
Glucose ——> Carbon dioxide + ethanol
Enzyme in yeast
When is yeast killed?
How can you concentrate it further?
When proportion of ethanol reaches 14%. Any further concentration must be carried out by fractional distillation.
How is ethanol made?
Catalytic hydration of ethene.
What is a hydration reaction?
When water is being added to a molecule.
Word + symbol equation for making ethanol with ethene?
Ethene + Water (steam) —> Ethanol
C2H4 + H2O —> C2H5OH
What are the harmful effects of alcohol?
Damages liver, impaired coordination, slower responses.
What are used to detect alcohol levels in blood?
How do they work?
What is a more accurate Method?
Breathalysers
Potassium dichromate changes colour from orange to green when ethanol is present.
Oxides ethanol to Ethanoic acid which changes colour.
Infrared spectroscopy, determines exact amount present.
What are the advantages of ethanol as a fuel?
Clean + smokeless, liquid, easily transferred + stored, doesn’t produce sulphur dioxide (acid rain) + carbon neutral.
What are the carboxylic acids?
Give their molecular formula, state at room temp and boiling temp.
Methanoic Acid, HCOOH, liquid, 101°C. Ethanoic acid (vinegar), CH3COOH, liquid, 118°C.
Draw the structural formula of methanoic acid.
O
||
C
/ \
H OHDraw the structural formula of Ethanoic acid.
H O
| //
H---C-------C
| \
H O----H
