Organic chemistry key terms (as of Dec 2021) Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term “ Structural Isomers”

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula, but a different structural formula.

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2
Q

Define the term “ Homologous Series”

A

A series of organic compounds which have the same functional group, each successive member differing by CH2

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3
Q

Define the term “ Substitution”

A

A reaction where some atoms from one reactant are swapped with atoms from another reactant.

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4
Q

Define the term “ Elimination”

A

A reaction in which a pair of atoms or group of atoms are removed from an organic molecule.

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5
Q

Define the term “ Aromatic”

A

Molecule containing a benzene ring.

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6
Q

Define the term “ Alkyl”

A

Formula CnH2n+1

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7
Q

Define the term “ Saturated”

A

Molecule with single c-c bonds only.

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8
Q

Define the term “ Unsaturated”

A

Molecule with multiple c-c bonds or aromatic rings.

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9
Q

Define the term “ Aliphatic”

A

Molecule arranged in straight, branched, or non-aromatic rings.

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10
Q

Define the term “Alicyclic”

A

Aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains.

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11
Q

Define the term “ Functional Group”

A

A group of reactions responsible for characteristic reactions of a compound.

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12
Q

Stereoisomers

A

Compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space.

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13
Q

E/Z isomerism

A

Stereoisomerism where rotation is restricted about a double bond, each carbon can make two other bonds.

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14
Q

Cis-trans isomerism

A

Type of E/Z isomerism where two groups attached to each of the double boded carbon atoms are the same.

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15
Q

Electrophile

A

Electron pair acceptor

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16
Q

Nucleophile

A

Electron pair donor

17
Q

Define pi bond

A

Sideways overlap of adjacent p-orbitals

18
Q

Define s-bond

A

Overlap of orbitals between bonding atoms