3.1 Flashcards
Test for Ammonium reagent?
NaOH
Equation for ammonium and sodium hydroxide?
Colour change when testing for Ammonium?
Use damp litmus paper- red to blue
Test for Sulfate reagent?
BaCl or other SOLUBLE Ba
Positive result for sulfate ion?
White ppt. Beware false positives with carbonate ions.
Equation for Sufate ion test?
Test for carbonate reagent?
HCl or other acid
Positive observation for carbonate?
Fizzing
What’s a real world use for carbonate testing?
HCl used to test for carbonates in rock samples
Write and equation testing for carbonate
Reagent for halide ions?
Silver nitrate, AgNO3
What are halide ions?
Cl-,Br-,I-
Chloride plus silver nitrate observation?
White ppt
Bromide plus silver nitrate observation?
Creat ppt
Iodide plus silver nitrate observation?
Yellow ppt
Silver nitrate plus halide equation?
halide and silver nitrate precipitate: what happens when adding dilute ammonia? What about concentrated ammonia?
Define first ionisation energy
Energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms
Which factors affect ionisation energy?
- HIgher nuclear charge = higher IE
- bigger atomic radius = lower IE
- more electron shells = lower IE
Define disproportionation
A reaction in which the same element is both reduced and oxidised
What are the benefits and risks of chlorine water treatment?
- Benefits-Kills harmful bacteria
- Risk- Chlorine is toxic
- Risk- formation of chlorinated hydrocarbons
define oxidising agent
The reactant causing the oxidation (gains electrons)
Define reducing agent
Reactant causing the reduction (gains electrons)
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