Organic Chemistry Ch3

Question 1

Quantum Numbers

Answer 1

Describes the size, shape, orientation, and number of atomic orbitals an element posses

Question 2

Principle quantum Number

Answer 2

n
Describes the energy level in which an electron residues and indicates the distance from the nucleus to the electron
- ranges form 1 to infinity

Question 3

Azimuthal quantum number

Answer 3

l
Determines the subshell in which an electron residues.
- range from 0 to n-1

Question 4

Magnetic quantum number

Answer 4

ml
Determines that orbital is which an electron resides
- -l to +l

Question 5

Spin Quantum Number

Answer 5

ms
Describes the spin of an electron
- +/- 1/2

Question 6

Bonding orbitals

Answer 6

Created by head-to-head or tail-to-tail overlap of atomic orbitals of the same sign and are energetically favorable

Question 7

Antibonding orbitals

Answer 7

Created by head-to-head or tail-to-tail overlap of atomic orbitals of opposite signs and are energetically unfavourable

Question 8

Sigma Bonds

Answer 8

single bonds which contain two electrons

Question 9

pi Bonds

Answer 9

double bonds where electrons are shared between two unhybridized p-orbitals that align side by side

Question 10

Sp3 hybridized orbitals

Answer 10

• Have 25% s character and 75% p character
• Form tetrahedral geometry
• 109.5 bond angle

Question 11

sp2 hybridized

Answer 11

• 33% s, 67% p
• trigonal planar
• 120 angle

Question 12

sp hybridized

Answer 12

• 50% s and 50% p
• linear
  -180 angle

Question 13

Resonance

Answer 13

The delocalization of electrons in molecules that have conjugated bonds
- increases stability of molecule

Question 14

Conjugation

Answer 14

Occurs when single and multiple bonds alternate, creating a system of unhybridized p-orbitals down the backbone of the molecule through which pi electrons can delocalize