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MCAT > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

What branch of the peripheral nervous system is the adrenal medulla apart of?

A

Sympathetic autonomic system

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2
Q

What does the adrenal cortex secret

A

Steroid hormones

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3
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secret

A

Catecholamines

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4
Q

Competitive Inhibition

A
  • Binds to active site
  • increases Km
  • no change to vmax
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5
Q

Non-competitive inhibition

A
  • Binds to allosteric site of enzyme
  • no change to Km
  • decreases vmax
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6
Q

Mixed inhibition

A
  • Binds to allosteric site both
  • Increases or decreases Km
  • decreases Vmax
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7
Q

Uncompetitive Inhibition

A
  • Binds to allosteric site of complex
  • decreases Km
  • Decreases Vmax
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8
Q

Def: Osmotic Pressure

A

The minimum pressure that must be applied to a solution to halt the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane

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9
Q

How does osmotic pressure relate to solute concentration

A

Directly proportional

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10
Q

Gene Imprinting

A

Parent-specific transmission of traits are due to gene imprinting, which is an epigenetic process

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11
Q

Body temperature

A

37 degrees Celsius

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12
Q

Body pH

A

7.4ish

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13
Q

Centration

A

The tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem and neglect other important aspects

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14
Q

Procedural Memory

A

Memory for motor skills and habits

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15
Q

Semantic Memory

A

Facts and knowledge

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16
Q

Episodic Memory

A

personal experience

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17
Q

Social Construction of race

A

the idea that there is little logical basis for race. Instead categories mostly result from history, culture and society

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18
Q

Groupthink

A

when members of a cohesive group emphasize agreement at the expense of critical thinking when arriving to a decision

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18
Q

Assimilation

A

The incorporation of new information into an existing schema

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19
Q

Conflict Theory

A

Focuses on social institutions that maintain social inequalities

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20
Q

Period effects

A

The impact of certain periods in all cohorts

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21
Q

Cohort effects

A

Distinct life experience based on their place in history

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22
Q

Self-Verification

A

the tendency to seek out information that is consistent with one’s self-concept

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23
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Making situational attributions for personally experienced negative outcomes and dispositional ones for positive outcomes

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24
Q

Serotonin

A

Regulates mood and appetite

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25
Q

Endorphins

A

Associated with feelings of wellbeing rather than aggression

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26
Q

GABA role in mood

A

Associated with Anxiety

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27
Q

Incentive theory

A

Focuses on the role that extrinsic motivators play in shaping behaviour

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28
Q

Drive theory

A

Drive is a motivational state caused by psychological or physiological needs

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29
Q

Expectancy-Value Theory

A

Focuses on how motivation varies depending on how a person evaluates their likelihood of success at an activity

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30
Q

Self-determination theory

A

Focuses on the innate need or psychological growth

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31
Q

Latent Function

A

An unintended positive outcome of a social practice

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32
Q

How are different wave properties effected by changing mediums?

A
  • Frequency remains unchanged
  • Wave speed and amplitude vary based on medium
  • Change in wave speed causes change in wave length
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33
Q

Hydrogen Bonding

A

Special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules that results from the attractive force between a hydrogen and a covalent bonded to a very electronegative atom and another very electronegative atom

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34
Q

Salt bridges

A

Interactions of amino acids with opposite charges

35
Q

What is the ideal gas law

A

PV=nRT

36
Q

Heat of combustion

A

The amount of heat liberated when a given amount of substance undergoes combustion

37
Q

How does heat of combustion relate to stability

A

Inversely related

38
Q

How to calculate capacitance using charge

A

C=Q/V

39
Q

What occurs at the Anode and cathod

A

Reduction and oxidation respectivley

40
Q

Order of functional group polarity

A

Ketone: can accept but not donate H bonds
Alcohol: can accept and donate H bonds
Carboxylic acid: two points of interaction

41
Q

How are phosphorus labeled in ATP

A

Alpha, Beta, gamma

42
Q

Venturi Effect

A

Air pressure is the sum of the static pressure and flow pressure

43
Q

Coordinate Covalent

A

Both electrons are donated by the same molecule

44
Q

Coordination number

A

The number of atoms bonded to a central atom

45
Q

What type of lens has a negative focal length

A

Diverging lens

46
Q

Purine

A

2 rings
A and G

47
Q

Pyrimidines

A

1 ring
C T U

48
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Process and package proteins and lipids

49
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digest particles that are pulled through the process of endocytosis

50
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesis and transport of various organic molecuels

51
Q

Prion

A

Misfolded variants of a protein that can cause misfolding when interacting with normally folded variants of the same protein

52
Q

Centrosome

A

Primary microtubule organizing center of a cell

53
Q

Meritocracy

A

The holding of power by people selected based on their ability

54
Q

Socialization

A

The learning of social acceptable values and behaviours

55
Q

Absolute Poverty

A

An economic condition in which individuals cannot meet their basic needs

56
Q

Marginal Poverty

A

Unstable employment condition for an individual in which they cannot achieve minimum standards of living

57
Q

Relative Poverty

A

Social disadvantage by income or wealth as compared to the social advantages linked to income or wealth in society

58
Q

Structural poverty

A

A lack of economic opportunities for individuals to leave poverty

59
Q

Attribution error

A

when behaviour is mistakenly attributed in an incorrect source

60
Q

Social Desirability

A

The tendency for participants to give responses which they think are more socially acceptable instead of choosing the responses which are reflective of their true feelings

61
Q

Stereotype threat

A

Apprehension about confirming negative stereotypes related to a persons own group

62
Q

Stratification

A

Certain communities experience unequal access to resources and opportunities in a society

63
Q

Gentrification

A

The displacement of low-income residents in a neighborhood due to increasing poverty value

64
Q

Heisenberg principle

A

One cannot know both the momentum and position of an object with absolute certainty

65
Q

Le Chateliers principle

A

The application of stress to the system will cause the system to responsed in a way that relieves that stress

66
Q

Paulo Exclusion Principle

A

Two or more identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state

67
Q

How are water solubility and polarity related

A

Water solubility increases as polarity increases and with more H bond donors because water can form more bonds with the molecule

68
Q

How much space does 1 molecule of gas occupy at STP 1

A

22.4L

69
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Minimizing uncomfortable thoughts or emotions by overemphasizing their opposite

70
Q

Emotional Displacement

A

Shifting the focus of emotion from a less to more acceptable target

71
Q

Perceptual Constancy

A

The tendency to experience a stable perception even as sensory input is changing

72
Q

Ethnographic

A

Qualitative method of to make in person observations in a cultural setting over an extended period of time

73
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

Evaluating the cultural practices of a different society not from one’s own cultural perspectives but from the society’s perspective

74
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

Mutual exchange of cultural values and practices among societies

75
Q

Boiling point

A

Vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure

76
Q

Oligarchy

A

Small number of individuals hold the majority of the power

77
Q

How can you predict boiling point?

A

Compare strength of intermolecular forces

78
Q

Instinctual Drift

A

The tendency of some untrained animals to revert back to instinctual behaviours

79
Q

Snell’s Law

A

There is an inverse relationship between the index of refraction and the sin of the angle of refraction

80
Q

Alpha Decay

A
  • Emission of alpha-particle
  • -2 atomic number and -4 mass
81
Q

Beta negative Decay

A
  • Neutron is converted to a proton
  • electron is released
  • +1 atomic number
82
Q

Beta Positive Decay

A
  • Proton converted to neutron
  • positron released
  • -1 atomic number
83
Q

Gamma Decay

A

Photons released, decreasing energy

84
Q

Electron Capture

A
  • Electron combines with a proton to create a neutron
  • Atomic number -1
  • Mass number stays same

MCAT (13 decks)

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