Organic chemistry - Ch21 Flashcards
What is organic chemistry?
The study of compounds of carbon.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen only.
Sources of hydrocarbons?
Coal, natural gas (methane), petroleum (crude oil).
What are fossil fuels
Fuels that were formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago.
What are the three types of hydrocarbons?
Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
What are alkanes?
Family of hydrocarbons in which all the atoms are linked by single bonds. They are saturated compounds.
What is a saturated compound?
One in which there are only single bonds between the atoms in the molecule / compound that contains carbon carbon single bonds only.
What is a homologous series?
A series of compunds of similar chemical properties, showing gradations in physical properties, having a general formula for its members, each member having a similar methos of preparation, each member differing from the previous member by a (CH2) unit.
What are structural isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
What are alkenes?
Family of hydrocarbons that contain one carbon-carbon double bond between two of the carbon atoms in the molecule. They are unsaturated.
What is an unsaturated compound?
One that contains one or more double or triple bonds between the atoms in the molecule.
What are alkynes?
Family group of carbohydrates that contain a carbon-carbon triple bond. They are highly unsaturated.
What is an aliphatic compound?
An organic compound that consists of open chains of carbon atoms and closed chain compounds (rings) that resemble them in chemical properties.
What is an aromatic compound?
compound that contains a benzene ring structure in its molecules.
From where is crude oil pumped?
From under the ground / under the sea.
Characteristics of curde oil?
Doesn’t burn very easily, thick black liquid, unpleasant smell.
What is fractional distillation?
A process that is used to separate crude oil into a number of useful parts.
Why is methane a good fuel?
Clean, pelntifull, cheap and easy to get into our homes.
What are mercaptants?
Sulfur compounds added to give gases an unpleasant smell to warn of gas leaks.
What is petrol used for?
Motor fuel (in cars).
What is naphtha used for?
Petrochemical industry.
What is kerosene/paraffin oil used for?
Domestic heating oil and fuel for aircraft.
What is diesel oil or gas oil used for?
Fuel in trucks, buses, trains.
What is lubricating oil used for?
To reduce the wear-and-tear in engines.
