Fuels and heats of reaction Flashcards
Hydrocarbons:
Compounds consisting of carbon and hydrogen only
Organic chemistry:
The study of the compounds of carbon
Fossil fuels:
Fuels that were formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago
Aliphatic hydrocarbons:
Consists of open chains of carbon atoms and closed chain compounds (rings) that resemble them in chemical properties
Aromatic compounds:
Contain a benzene ring structure in their molecules
3 main classes of hydrocarbons:
Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
Alkanes:
All the atoms are linked by single bonds. Saturated compounds.
Saturated compound:
One in which there are only single bonds between the atoms in the molecule. Carbon carbon single bonds only.
Example of alkane:
Paraffin oil = kerosene, for central heating
Alkanes trend:
Boling points of these compounds increase with the size of the molecules, due to increasing strength of Van der Waals forces.
Homologous series:
A series of compounds of similar chemical properties showing gradations in physical properties, having a general formula for its members, each member having a similar method of preparation, each member differing from the previous member by a (CH2) unit.
Structural isomers:
Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formulas
Alkenes:
Contain one carbon-carbon double bond between two of the carbon atoms in the molecule. Unsaturated.
Unsaturated compounds:
Contains one or more double or triple bonds between atoms in the molecule
Alkynes:
Contain carbon-carbon triple bond. Highly unsaturated.
Octane number of a fuel:
Measure on the tendency of the fuel to resist knocking
Catalytic cracking:
Breaking down of long-chain hydrocarbon molecules into short-chain molecules. Greater demand.
