Chemical bonding - Ch5

Question 1

Octet rule

Answer 1

Atoms tend to reach an electron arrangement with eight electrons in the outermost energy level.

Question 2

Octet rule of noble gases

Answer 2

Satisfied, they’re are unreactive

Question 3

NaCl

Answer 3

Crystal lattice

Question 4

3 props. of transition metals

Answer 4

• VV (variable valency)
• Often act as catalyst
• Tend to form coloured compounds

Question 5

Ionic bonding

Answer 5

When electrons are transferred. Very strong.

Question 6

Covalent bonding

Answer 6

When electrons are shared. Sigma or pi.

Question 7

Bond pairs

Answer 7

Pairs of electrons that are involved in bonding

Question 8

Lone pairs

Answer 8

Pairs of electrons that aren’t involved in bonding.

Question 9

Sigma bond

Answer 9

Head-on overlap of two orbitals.

Question 10

Pi bond

Answer 10

Sideways overlap of p orbitals.

Question 11

Single bond

Answer 11

Sigma bond

Question 12

Double bond

Answer 12

Sigma bond + pi bond

Question 13

Triple bond

Answer 13

1 sigma bond + 2 pi bond

Question 14

Ionic compounds

Answer 14

• High melting point
• High boiling point
• Can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water

Question 15

Covalent compounds

Answer 15

• Low melting point
• Low boiling point
• Cannot conduct electricity

Question 16

Linear shape

Answer 16

Angle = 180

Question 16

Trigonal planar shape

Answer 16

Angle = 120

Question 17

Tetrahedral shape

Answer 17

Angle = 109.5

Question 18

Pyramidal shape

Answer 18

Angle = 107

Question 19

V-Shaped shape

Answer 19

Angle = 104.5

Question 20

AB predicted shape

Answer 20

Linear only

Question 21

AB2 predicted shape

Answer 21

Linear or v-shaped

Question 22

AB3 predicted shape

Answer 22

Pyramidal or trigonal planar

Question 23

AB4 predicted shape

Answer 23

Tetrahedral only

Question 24

Shapes

Answer 24

- Linear - Trigonal planar - Tetrahedral - Pyramidal - V-shaped

Question 25

Electronegativity

Answer 25

Relative attraction that an atom in a molecule has for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 26

>1.7

Answer 26

Ionic bonding

Question 27

Answer 27

Covalent bonding

Question 28

0.4 < x < 1.7

Answer 28

Polar covalent

Question 29

Answer 29

Non polar

Question 30

Intramolecular bonding

Answer 30

Bonding that takes place within a molecule. (Covalent/polar covalent)

Question 31

Intermolecular forces

Answer 31

Forces of attraction that exist between molecules. (Van der Waals, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding)

Question 32

Van der Waals

Answer 32

- Weakest type of bonding - Non polar - The higher the molecular mass, the stronger the bond - Eg. Cl2 or O2

Question 33

Dipole-dipole