organic chemistry

Question 1

what is a saturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

a hydrocarbon with a double bond (alkenes)

Question 2

what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

a hydrocarbon without a double bond (alkanes)

Question 3

what are organic molecules?

Answer 3

organic molecules all contain carbon atoms. alkanes and alkenes are examples of organic compounds

Question 4

what is a functional group?

Answer 4

gives a family of organic compounds their characteristic reactions

Question 5

what is a homologous series?

Answer 5

a family of compounds that all contain the same functional group

Question 6

what are the first 3 alkenes in the homologous series?

Answer 6

ethene, propene, butene Eat (methene cannot exist because alkenes need a C=C bond)

Question 7

what is the formula for complete combustion?

Answer 7

CH + 2O - > CO + 2H O
⁴ ² ² ²
methane + oxygen - > carbon dioxide + water

Question 8

what is the formula for incomplete combustion

Answer 8

2CH + 3O - > 2CO + 4H O
⁴ ² ²
methane + oxygen - > carbon monoxide + water

Question 9

why can methene not exist?

Answer 9

alkenes need a C=C double bond

Question 10

which form of combustion do alkenes undergo?

Answer 10

incomplete combustion

Question 11

what happens during an addition reaction of an alkene

Answer 11

the C=C double bond breaks and the molecule opens up

Question 12

what is hydrogenation?

Answer 12

??

Question 13

what functional group are carboxylic acids?

Answer 13

-COOH

Question 14

what are the first 4 members of the homologous series of carboxylic acids?

Answer 14

methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid

Question 15

what is the formula for forming an alcohol

Answer 15

alkene + steam - > alcohol

eg. ethene + steam - > ethanol

Question 16

what functional group are alcohols?

Answer 16

-OH

Question 17

what are the first 4 members of the homologous series of alcohols?

Answer 17

methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol

Question 18

which functional group are esters?

Answer 18

-coo-

Question 19

which other reaction forms an alcohol?

Answer 19

fermentation

Question 20

what is the formula for fermentation?

Answer 20

glucose - > ethanol + carbon dioxide

(in the presence of yeast at 30°

Question 21

what are the advantages of fermentation?

Answer 21

• the reaction occurs at a low temperature, so does not require much energy
• the glucose comes from plants, this means it is renewable, making ethanol a biofuel

Question 22

what are the disadvantages of fermentation?

Answer 22

-the alcohol produced is dissolved in water (aqueous solution) and must be purified by distillation

Question 23

what are the 2 products of alcohol combustion?

Answer 23

carbon dioxide and water

Question 24

complete the equation: sodium + ethanol - >

Answer 24

sodium ethoxide + hydrogen

Question 25

acid + metal - >

Answer 25

salt + hydrogen

Question 26

acid + base - >

Answer 26

salt + water

Question 27

acid + carbonate - >

Answer 27

salt + carbon dioxide + water

Question 28

what is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol?

Answer 28

an ester and water. this is called esterification

Question 29

what kind of reaction is esterification?

Answer 29

a reversable reaction

Question 30

what is formed when ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol?

Answer 30

ethyl ethanoate and water

Question 31

what is a polymer?

Answer 31

a long chain made from smaller, repeating units

Question 32

what are monomers?

Answer 32

the small, repeating units that make up a polymer

Question 33

if the polymer is polythene, what are the monomers?

Answer 33

ethenes

Question 34

if the polymer is polypropene, what are the monomers?

Answer 34

propenes

Question 35

what is addition polymerisation?

Answer 35

addition polymerisation forms one product, the addition polymer, which is made up of the same repeating alkene