Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Catenation
The ability of carbon atoms to bond with themselves to form a chain or ring structures
IUPAC
International Union of pure and applied physics
Hydrocarbons
Compound containing on,y carbon and hydrogen atoms
Saturated compound
Compound containing only single bonds between carbon atoms
Unsaturated compound
Compound in which there is at least one double or tripple bond between carbon atoms
Homologous series
A series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula, in which members differ from the previous on by a single CH2 unit
Functional group
Is bond, atom or a group of atoms that form the center of chemical activity in the molecule
Alkanes
Non-polar Single bonds Saturated Compounds, therefor unreactive General formula - CnH2n+2
Density at room temperature
Methane to butane = gas
Alkanes with 5-11 carbons = liquid
More than 12 = solid
Alkenes
Double bonds
Unsaturated Compounds
General formula - CnH2n
Alkanes
Triple bonds
Unsaturated compounds
General formula - CnH2n-2
Alkyl substitute
Carbon based “side chain” attached to the longest continuous carbon chain in an organic molecule
‘yl
Dimethyl is used for two alkyl protrusions
Tri’ tetra’
Isomers
Same molecular formula; different structural formula
Chain isomer
Have different chain lengths
Positional isomer
Different position for same functional group
Functional isomer
Contain different functional groups
Haloalkanes
Contain one or more halogen atoms
One non-polar end and one polar end (OH) therefore solvents for polar and non-polar substances
Suffix -ol
Alcohols
Carboxylic acid
Double bonded oxygen as well as OH
Suffix -oic acid
Potentially -dioic acid
Esters
Product of acid catalysts condensation reaction between alcohol and a carboxylic acid
Suffix -oate
Alcohol (oxygen bridge) suffix -yl
Carboxylic acid (double oxygen bond) suffix -oate
+WATER
Organic chemistry
The chemistry of compounds that consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen
