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Chemistry Challenge > Organic > Flashcards

Organic Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound containing only the elements hydrogen and carbon

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2
Q

Saturated

A

An organic compound in which all the bonds are single bonds

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3
Q

Homologous series

A

Series of organic compounds that have the same general formula, similar chem reactions abs where each member differs from the next by a -CH2- group

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4
Q

Unsaturated

A

An organic compound that contains a carbon-carbon double bond

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5
Q

General formula

A

A formula that states the ratio of atoms of each element in the formula of every compound in a particular homologous series

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6
Q

Isomerism

A

Compounds that have same molecular formula but diff displayed formula
Diff compounds called isomers

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7
Q

Alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

    H
     |
H-C-H
     |
    H
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8
Q

Methane

A

CH4

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9
Q

Ethane

A

C2H6

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10
Q

Propane

A

C3H8

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11
Q

Butane

A

C4H10

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12
Q

Pentane

A

C5H12

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13
Q

Isomers of butane

A

Methyl butane (one strand off)

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14
Q

Isomers of propane

A

Methyl propane

Dimethylpropane

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15
Q

Combustion of Alkanes

A

Burn w oxygen when heated in air

Plentiful supply= co2 + h2o

Insufficient supply = co + h20
(Carbon monoxide)
Poisonous
Reduces capacity of the blood to carry oxygen

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16
Q

Alkanes and bromine

A

Methane and bromine react together in UV light to form bromomethane

Substitution reaction- one atom in methane replaced with an atom of bromine

CH4 + Br2 -> CH3Br + HBr

17
Q

Alkenes

A

CnH2n

H.          H
   \         /
     C=C
  /          \
H           H
18
Q

Ethene

A

C2H4

19
Q

Propene

A

C3H6

20
Q

Butene

A

C4H8

21
Q

Pentene

A

C5H10

22
Q

Isomers for C4H8

A

But-1-ene

But-2-ene

Methylpropene

23
Q

Addition reactions

A

With halogens

Bromine can be added into an Alkene and will add across the double bond to form dibromoethane

C2H4 + Br2 -> C2H4Br2

Can be used to test for the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond
decolorisation of bromine

24
Q

Ethanol method 1

A

Fermentation.

Dissolve starch or sugar in water and add yeast
Leave mixture to ferment at 25-40*c in absence of air
Filter off excess yeast to obtain dilute solution of ethanol
If ethanol content is above 15% then yeast will be killed
More conc solution needs to be distilled
C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

25
Q

Ethanol method 2

A

Direct hydration of Ethene

A mixture of Ethene and steam is passed over phosphoric acid catalyst at a temp of 300*c and 60-70 atmospheres of pressure
Ethanol is condensed as a liquid
Ethene required is taken from crud oil

C2H4 + H2O -> C2H5OH

26
Q

Comparing methods of ethanol manufacturing

A 
F
Uses renewable resources
Batch process
V slow process
Produces dilute solution
Low temps required
H of e
Non renewable resources(no more crude oil is a danger)
Continuous process
Fast process
Produces pure ethanol
High temps and pressures - costly
27
Q

Combustion of ethanol

A

Burns w oxygen when heated in air

Can be used as fuel

C2H5OH + 3O2 -> 2CO2 + 3H2O

28
Q

Dehydration of ethanol

A

Can be dehydrated by passing ethanol vapour over hot aluminium oxide which acts as a catalyst

C2H5OH -> C2H4 + H2O

Can be used to manufacture Ethene for production of polyethene
Most Ethene made from cracking crude oil fractions

Chemistry Challenge (8 decks)

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