Of The Elements

Question 1

Period

Answer 1

Horizontal row

Question 2

Group 1

Answer 2

Alkali metals

Question 3

Group 7

Answer 3

Halogens

Question 4

Group 8

Answer 4

Noble gases

Question 5

From metal to non metal

Answer 5

From left to right

Question 6

Group 1 elements physical properties

Answer 6

Good conductors of electricity and heat
Soft snd easily cut w knife
Low MPs and bps
Low densities (float on water)

Question 7

Group 1 chemical properties

Answer 7

Shiny surfaces when cut
Becomes dull/tarnished when it reacts w oxygen
Burn in air or oxygen to form white solid oxides

2M + O2 -> M2O

Question 8

Group 1 react w water

Answer 8

2M + 2H2O -> 2MOH + H2

Moves around water
Hissing sound
Bubbles of gas
Gets smaller eventually disappearing 
(Melts into shiny ball)
(Burns w lilac flame)

Potassium more reactive

Question 9

Group 1 reactivity

Answer 9

More reactive further down group
Although they all have 1 electron on outer shell
Size of atom increase so outer ejection gets further away
Therefore outer electron less attracted to the nucleus

Question 10

Chlorine colour at room temp

Answer 10

Gas

Pale green

Question 11

Bromine at room temp

Answer 11

Liquid
Red brown (readily evaporates into brown gas)

Question 12

Iodine at room temp

Answer 12

Solid
Black
(Sublimes when heated to form purple gas)

Question 13

Halogen reaction w iron

Answer 13

Chlorine- hit iron wool glows brightest
Brown smoke forms and brown solid left behind

Bromine- glows less brightly
Brown smoke and brown solid formed

Iodine- even less brightly
Brown gas and solid formed

Question 14

Halogen w iron forms a…

Answer 14

Metal halide (halide= compound of halogen)

Iron + chlorine = iron(III) chloride

Question 15

Halogen reactivity trend

Answer 15

Decreases down the group because of increasing size of atoms
Needs to attract extra electron
Further away outer shell from nucleus the less attraction

Question 16

Halogen + hydrogen

Answer 16

Forms a hydrogen halide

Hydrogen+ chlorine-> hydrogen chloride

H2+ Cl2 -> 2HCl

Question 17

Displacement reaction

Answer 17

More reactive will replace in metal halide

From an aqueous solution of a metal halide

Chlorine+ potassium bromide solution
-> potassium chloride solution + bromine

Question 18

Aqueous chlorine

Answer 18

Pale green- usually appears colourless as it is so dilute

Question 19

Aqueous bromine

Answer 19

Orange

Turn yellow when diluted

Question 20

Aqueous iodine

Answer 20

Brown

Question 21

Group

Answer 21

Vertical column

Question 22

Hydrogen chloride + water

Answer 22

Hydrochloric acid

Question 23

Hydrochloric acid properties

Answer 23

Turns litmus red
Turns universal I red
Reacts w metal to form a metal chloride and hydrogen
W a metal carbonate to form a metal chloride, water and co2
With a metal hydroxide or oxide to form a metal chloride in solution and water

Question 24

Percentages of air

Answer 24

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Argon 0.9%
Carbon dioxide 0.04%

Question 25

Using copper

Answer 25

``` Gas syringes Silica tube Copper Pass air backwards and forwards Need copper in excess Calculate volume lost ```

Question 26

Using iron w oxygen

Answer 26

Iron filings Burette end Water will rise up from trough Volume lost is equal to oxygen

Question 27

Using phosphorus and oxygen

Answer 27

``` Phosphorus in water Same level inside and outside tube Heat with iron rod Reacting place bung on Water levels will change ```

Question 28

How to prepare oxygen

Answer 28

``` W hydrogen peroxide Decomposes to form water and oxygen Manganese 4 oxide as catalyst Oxygen not soluble so not much is list Collected and measured using gas syringe ```

Question 29

Oxygen and magnesium

Answer 29

Bright white flame | Forms white solid

Question 30

Oxygen and carbon

Answer 30

Yellow flame | Forms colourless gas

Question 31

Oxygen and sulfur

Answer 31

Blue flame | Forms colourless gas

Question 32

Magnesium oxide and water

Answer 32

Magnesium hydroxide | Mg(OH)2

Question 33

Carbon dioxide and water

Answer 33

Acidic oxide Dissolves in water to form acidic solutions H2CO3 carbonic acid PH 5-6

Question 34

Sulfur dioxide and water

Answer 34

``` Acidic oxide Dissolves in water to form an acidic solution H2SO3 Sulfurous acid pH 3-4 ```

Question 35

Oxides of metals are

Answer 35

Basics | Dissolve in water or don't to form alkaline solutions

Question 36

Oxides of non metals

Answer 36

Often acidic Dissolve in water to form acidic solutions Some oxides are neutral- eg carbon monoxide

Question 37

Preparations of carbon dioxide

Answer 37

Metal carbonate+ acid Eg calcium carbonate By downward delivery as it is much denser than air Thermal decomposition when heating metal carbonates

Question 38

Copper carbonate

Answer 38

Green to black

Question 39

Magnesium carbonate

Answer 39

No observable change | Stays white

Question 40

Calcium carbonate

Answer 40

Stays white | No observable change

Question 41

Zinc carbonate

Answer 41

White to yellow when hot | And white again when cold

Question 42

Sodium carbonate

Answer 42

No observable change Stays white Doesn't compose in a Bunsen flame

Question 43

Uses of co2

Answer 43

Making carbonated drinks- pressure increased to increase solubility In fizzy drinks In fire extinguishers- co2 doesn't support combustion More dense than air so it sits on top of the burning fuel and prevent oxygen from getting to it

Question 44

Carbon dioxide and climate change

Answer 44

Contributing? Absorbs infrared radiation Fossil fuels

Question 45

Acid rain causes

Answer 45

Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen Causes a drop in ph lower than 6

Question 46

Acid rain effects

Answer 46

Leaving vital minerals from the soil causing death of trees Lowering ph of rivers killing fish Weather of buildings and structures made out of limestone, marble and iron