Chemistry In Society (b)

Question 1

Refining of crude oil through…

Answer 1

Fractional distillation

Question 2

Fractional distillation carried out in a..

Answer 2

Fractionating column

Question 3

Order w highest bp first

Answer 3

Big.       Bitumen
Farty.    Fuel oil
Daddy.  Diesel 
Kan.      Kerosene
Go.        Gasoline (petrol)
Red.      Refinery gases

Question 4

Crude oil def

Answer 4

A thick, sticky, black liquid that is found under the ground and under the sea

A mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 5

Use of refinery gases

Answer 5

Bottled gas for camping

Question 6

Use of gasoline

Answer 6

Petrol for cars

Question 7

Use of kerosene

Answer 7

Fuel for aeroplanes, ‘oil’ for central heating

Paraffin for small heaters and lamps

Question 8

Use of diesel oil

Answer 8

Diesel fuel for buses, lorries, trains and cars

Question 9

Use of fuel oil

Answer 9

Fuel for ships and for industrial heating

Question 10

Use of bitumen

Answer 10

Road surfaces and covering flat roofs of building

Question 11

Crude oil is split into

Answer 11

Fractions

Question 12

A fraction is

Answer 12

A mixture of hydrocarbons with v similar boiling points

Question 13

Process of refining crude oil

Answer 13

Crude oil heated to convert into a vapour- vapour then fed into the bottom of the fractioning column
Hydrocarbons w v high bps immediately turn to liquids and are tapped off at bottom
At temp 400c
Hydrocarbons that have lower bps rise and remain as gases until cooling and condensing
Bubble caps prevent backward movement
They are tapped off separately
Refinery gases remain as gases so come out the top (around 40c)

Question 14

Change in boiling point

Answer 14

Decreases as you go up column

Question 15

Change in viscosity

Answer 15

Decreases as you up column

Question 16

Change in colour

Answer 16

Decreases in darkness as you rise up column

Question 17

Change in number of carbon atoms in molecule (length of carbon chain)

Answer 17

Decreases as you rise up column

Short chain
Long chain hydrocarbons

Question 18

What is cracking?

Answer 18

A method of converting long chain hydrocarbons in the higher bp fractions into shorter chain hydrocarbons in order to make gasoline and so make more petrol for cars

Question 19

How does cracking work?

Answer 19

Long chain hydrocarbon molecules are passed over a catalyst (silica or aluminium oxide) and heated to about 600-700*c. Long chain hydrocarbons break down into short chain alkane molecules and at least one alkene molecule

Question 20

C10H22 cracking goes to…

Answer 20

C8H18 + C2H4

Octane. And Ethene
Octane used to make petrol
Ethene for polyethene

Question 21

Burning fuels in cars

Answer 21

Incomplete combustion of alkanes produce carbon monoxide
Same in petrol when burnt as some is not burnt due to lack of oxygen

Poisonous and dangerous

Question 22

Dangers of burning fuel

Answer 22

Carbon monoxide- poisonous to humans as reduces capacity of blood to carry oxygen

Temp in a car engine is high enough for nitrogen and oxygen from the air to react to form oxides of nitrogen. These oxides are also passed out and when they reach the atmosphere can dissolve in water in the air to form acid rain

Question 23

Catalytic converters- what?

Answer 23

Placed in exhaust system of a car

Attempt to convert as much carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and also concert nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and oxygen