Organelles Theory Flashcards
What is the structure of a nucleus?
Double membrane bound, usually central in animal cells and peripheral in plant cells
What is the function of the nucleus?
Stores DNA (on chromosomes on genes), coordinates activity (growth, metabolism, protein synthesis), transcription (DNA to RNA)
What is the structure of the Nucleolus?
A membrane-less organelle, one strand of RNA in nucleus
What is the function of the Nucleolus?
Makes ribosomes
What is the structure of a Ribosome?
Made of two interlocking proteins, with small and large sub-units. Can be free or bound in rough endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of a Ribosome?
Reads information on RNA to make proteins (can join amino acids at a rate of 200/minute)
What is the difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough = studded with ribosomes
Smooth = no ribosomes
What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesizes essential lipids such as phospholipids and cholesterol.
It can also be detoxifying (liver cells)
What is the structure of endoplasmic reticulum?
An interconnected network of membrane tubes that are continuous (joining) with the outer membrane of the nucleus.
What is the structure of the Golgi body?
A flattened, membrane - enclosed disks known as cisternae within individual stacks
What is the function of the Golgi body?
The cisternae are filled with many enzymes responsible for selectively modifying proteins
What is the structure of the lysosomes?
Specialized vesicles (membrane bound sacs, contain enzymes for digestion)
What is the function of lysosomes?
Digests both macromolecules into cells (proteins into amino acids, carbohydrates into glucose and substances brought in via phagocytosis - like bacteria and breakdown of old organelles)
What is the structure of vacuoles?
Made of membrane-bound sacs that contain mostly water
What is the function of vacuoles?
Store salts, minerals and proteins.
These are very big in plants
And lots of small ones in animals
