Cellular Respiration - C5

Question 1

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 1

How cells obtain energy - controlled release of energy from organic compounds on cells to form ATP

Question 2

What is Glycolysis?

Answer 2

Sugar breakdown

Question 3

Which stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis?

Answer 3

1

Question 4

Is oxygen required for Glycolysis?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

Where does glycolysis happen?

Answer 5

In the cytoplasm (cytosol)

Question 6

Outline the reaction of Glycolysis?

Answer 6

6 Carbons become 2 pyruvate (two chains of three carbons)

Question 7

How many ATP are used in Glycolysis?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

How many hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose by NAD+?

Answer 8

2 - forming 2NADH

Question 9

How many ATP are made in Glycolysis?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

What is the net ATP yield of Glycolysis?

Answer 10

2

Question 11

How does ATP release energy?

Answer 11

The three phosphate repel each other, but when the bond between the last one is broken, energy is released

Question 12

What are the three fates of pyruvate?

Answer 12

Fermentation, Lactic acid (humans), Alcohol (plants)

Question 13

Outline some differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer 13

Aerobic in presence of oxygen, has the Krebs cycle, 36 more ATP made
Anaerobic without oxygen, no more ATP made, recycles NADH into NAD+ to use in aerobic respiration

Question 14

What is the purpose of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 14

More NAD+ is needed to keep glycolysis going, so this process ‘frees up’ more NAD+ = alcohol (plants) lactic acid (humans)

Question 15

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?

Answer 15

Across the membrane of the mitochondria?

Question 16

Does aerobic respiration require oxygen?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

What does the Krebs Cycle do? (Generally)

Answer 17

Transforms 2 pyruvate into 2 ATPs per molecule of glucose and makes some energy

Question 18

What is the first step of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 18

Pyruvate is oxidized - one pyruvate from each set of 3 bonds with two oxygen and leaves as Co2, making two chains of Acetal CoA
Then another NAD+ picks up a Hydrogen and becomes another NADH

Question 19

What is made before the second stage of the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 19

Citric acid

Question 20

How does the second stage of the Krebs Cycle work? (Citric acid)

Answer 20

Citric Acid is oxidized with various intricate steps to get back to oxaloacetic acid = makes the Krebs cycle a cycle

Question 21

What are some byproducts of Citric acid oxidation and how are they removed?

Answer 21

Main byproduct is Co2, exhaled by the cell, then by organism

Question 22

How many NADH does each pyruvate make

Answer 22

3

Question 23

How many NADH can each glucose molecule make?

Answer 23

6

Question 24

What is the main purpose of the Krebs Cycle? (Battery)

Answer 24

To make NADH (like a battery for final step)

Question 25

How many ATP can the Electron Transport Chain make?

Answer 25

34 (at best)

Question 26

Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?

Answer 26

In the cristae (folded inner mitochondria membrane)

Question 27

How does the Electron Transport Chain work? (Synthase)

Answer 27

NADH and FADH (similar to NADH) are used in a series of redox reactions to derive ATP synthase in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 28

What are byproducts of Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 28

H2O and Heat

Question 29

How much ATP can 10NADH make?

Answer 29

30

Question 30

How much ATP can 2FADH2 make?

Answer 30

4

Question 31

What are 3 examples of ATP uses?

Answer 31

DNA synthesis
Active Transport
Muscle contraction