Glucose Regulation - C6 Flashcards
What are the two hormones involved in glucose regulation?
Insulin (tells liver to convert excess glucose in blood to glycogen)
Glucagon (tells liver to convert glycogen to glucose)
Give an example of blood glucose regulation
Stimulus: Low blood glucose
Receptor/control center: pancreas
Effector 1: Alpha cells in pancreas release glucagon
Effector 2: Liver and body cells convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into blood
Effect: Blood glucose rises
(Note: In high blood sugar, beta cells in the pancreas create and release insulin which tells body to store glucose)
What is type 1 Diabetes?
Early onset
Autoimmune disease
Hereditary, weak relationship
A trigger is needed (i.e. illness)
Beta cells are destroyed
Insulin production stops
Can’t make enough insulin to regulate blood glucose levels (glucose stays in blood and can’t get into cells)
Symptoms of type 1 Diabetes
Weight loss and fatigue, excess thirst and urination, tissue damage if left untreated
Treatment for type 1 Diabetes
Insulin
What is type 2 Diabetes?
Adult onset
Hereditary, strong relationship
Related to stress, obesity and poor diet
Fewer insulin receptors in liver, creating less sensitivity to insulin
Begins with insulin resistance (body cells do not respond correctly to insulin)
Creates high blood glucose level (prediabetes)
Pancreas tries to compensate by making more insulin, but gets exhausted and produces less insulin = diabetes
Symptoms of type 2 Diabetes
Heart, blood vessel, kidney, eye and nerve damage
Increased risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, blindness and nerve dysfunction
Foot infections and ulcers because of nerve function and healing
Treatment of type 2 Diabetes
Insulin, lifestyle
Define Glucose
Small carbohydrate molecule
Define Glycogen
Large carbohydrate molecule (used for energy storage in animal cells)
Define Glucagon
Hormone released when blood glucose is low
