Organelles- cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cytoskeleton made of

A

filamentous protein polymers

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2
Q

functions of the cytoskeleton (5)

A

cell shape, polarity, division, movement and migration, intracellular transport

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3
Q

3 types of cytoskeletons

A

microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

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4
Q

what are microtubules made of

A

polymers of tubulin (alpha/beta tubulin dimers that are stuck together in a string)

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5
Q

how many protofilaments make a microtubule

A

13

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6
Q

do microtubules have polarity (charged?)

A

yes

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7
Q

polymerization is what

A

growing of a microtubule or a microfilament

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8
Q

depolymerization is what

A

shortening of microtubules and microfilaments

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9
Q

how do they depolymerize

A

like string cheese, the string of protofilaments peel off

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10
Q

functions of microtubules (3)

A

cell shape and movement, cell division, providing intracellular organelle movements

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11
Q

what are intermediate filaments made of

A

polymers of intermediate filament proteins

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12
Q

do intermediate filaments have polarity

A

no

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13
Q

where can intermediate filaments be found

A

inside and outside the cells

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14
Q

functions of intermediate filaments (3)

A

structure, support, adhesion

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15
Q

in what groups can intermediate filaments not be found

A

plants and fungi

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16
Q

what are microfilaments made of

A

polymers of actin

17
Q

how many protofilaments make up a micrfilament

A

two forming a helix (DNA-esc shape)

18
Q

do microfilaments have polarity

19
Q

functions of microfilaments (4)

A

cell shape and migration, cell division, organelle movement, components of contractile elements of muscle fibers

20
Q

what does the cytoskeleton help move (4)

A

the cytoskeleton getting organized to move motor proteins, centrosomes, cilia and flagella

21
Q

what are motor proteins

A

proteins that walk across the cytoskeleton carrying vesicles and other organelles

22
Q

which cytoskeleton form has no motor proteins

A

intermediate filaments

23
Q

3 motor families and what they walk on

A

myosins- microfilaments
kinesins- microtubules
dyneins- microtubules

24
Q

what are centrosomes

A

a structure involved in cell division

25
what do centrosomes do for microtubules
tether them at their bases (neg end)
26
what makes centosomes
two centrioles surrounded by proteins to help organize microtubules
27
how do motor families get cilia and flagella to move
dyneins crosslink between microtubules and 'walk' causing them to bend the microtubules when active