Organelles- cytoskeleton

Question 1

what is the cytoskeleton made of

Answer 1

filamentous protein polymers

Question 2

functions of the cytoskeleton (5)

Answer 2

cell shape, polarity, division, movement and migration, intracellular transport

Question 3

3 types of cytoskeletons

Answer 3

microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

Question 4

what are microtubules made of

Answer 4

polymers of tubulin (alpha/beta tubulin dimers that are stuck together in a string)

Question 5

how many protofilaments make a microtubule

Answer 5

13

Question 6

do microtubules have polarity (charged?)

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

polymerization is what

Answer 7

growing of a microtubule or a microfilament

Question 8

depolymerization is what

Answer 8

shortening of microtubules and microfilaments

Question 9

how do they depolymerize

Answer 9

like string cheese, the string of protofilaments peel off

Question 10

functions of microtubules (3)

Answer 10

cell shape and movement, cell division, providing intracellular organelle movements

Question 11

what are intermediate filaments made of

Answer 11

polymers of intermediate filament proteins

Question 12

do intermediate filaments have polarity

Answer 12

no

Question 13

where can intermediate filaments be found

Answer 13

inside and outside the cells

Question 14

functions of intermediate filaments (3)

Answer 14

structure, support, adhesion

Question 15

in what groups can intermediate filaments not be found

Answer 15

plants and fungi

Question 16

what are microfilaments made of

Answer 16

polymers of actin

Question 17

how many protofilaments make up a micrfilament

Answer 17

two forming a helix (DNA-esc shape)

Question 18

do microfilaments have polarity

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

functions of microfilaments (4)

Answer 19

cell shape and migration, cell division, organelle movement, components of contractile elements of muscle fibers

Question 20

what does the cytoskeleton help move (4)

Answer 20

the cytoskeleton getting organized to move motor proteins, centrosomes, cilia and flagella

Question 21

what are motor proteins

Answer 21

proteins that walk across the cytoskeleton carrying vesicles and other organelles

Question 22

which cytoskeleton form has no motor proteins

Answer 22

intermediate filaments

Question 23

3 motor families and what they walk on

Answer 23

myosins- microfilaments
kinesins- microtubules
dyneins- microtubules

Question 24

what are centrosomes

Answer 24

a structure involved in cell division

Question 25

what do centrosomes do for microtubules

Answer 25

tether them at their bases (neg end)

Question 26

what makes centosomes

Answer 26

two centrioles surrounded by proteins to help organize microtubules

Question 27

how do motor families get cilia and flagella to move

Answer 27

dyneins crosslink between microtubules and ‘walk’ causing them to bend the microtubules when active