Organelles

Question 1

Cell Membrane

Answer 1

• Semi permeable membrane, separates cells intracellular fluid from extracellular environment.
• Has membrane-spanning proteins embedded throughout to regulate exchange

Question 2

Cytoskeleton (structure and function)

Answer 2

• made up of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules
• cell shape
• internal organisation
• Intracellular transport
• assembly of cells into tissues
• transport

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

• Double Membraned
• control centre of the cell
• Sight of DNA transcription and RNA translation

Question 4

Nucleolus

Answer 4

Located within nucleus

contains DNA that controls synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

• Powerhouse of the cell-> sight of ATP production
• Double membrane
• has its own circular DNA and is capable of independent replication
• function in the synthesis of certain lipids i.e. estrogen and testosterone

Question 6

SER

Answer 6

• branched, tubular structure
• produces fatty acids, steroids, lipids
• detoxification of certain hydrophobic molecules
• stores and releases calcium ions

Question 7

Golgi

Answer 7

• Further modification, packaging and transport of protein made in the RER.
• packaged into a transport vesicle which will travel to various cell organelles or the plasma membrane

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

• exist freely floating in the cytosol and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
• read RNA in order to synthesise protein
• consist of two subunits

Question 9

RER

Answer 9

• Ribosomes on cytosolic surface, flattened-sac appearance

- packages proteins that are then sent to the golgi body

Question 10

Endosomes

Answer 10

• membrane bound vesicular structures and tubular structures that lie between the plasma membrane and Golgi apparatus
• sorting, modifying and directing vesicular traffic in cells

Question 11

lysosomes

Answer 11

• spherical or oval organelles surrounded by a single double membrane
• fluid within is acidic and contains a variety of digestive enzymes
• break down bacteria and debris from dead cells or cell organelles

Question 12

Peroxisomes

Answer 12

• moderately dense oval bodies enclosed by a single membrane
• consumes molecular oxygen that is used to undergo reactions that remove hydrogen from organic molecules
• this produced peroxide (name) which,however, can be removed and thus is not harmful to system

Question 13

Vaults

Answer 13

• Cytoplasmic structures composed of protein and untranslated “vault rna”
• important for transport of molecules between cytosol and nucleus