Organelles

Question 1

Describe the plasma membrane

Answer 1

A fluid mosaic lipid bilayer (phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids) that is studded with proteins. It surrounds the cytoplasm

Question 2

What is the function of the plasma membrane

Answer 2

Protects cellular contents, makes contact with other cells, contains cell identification markers and determines what goes into and out of the cells

Question 3

Describe the cytoplasm

Answer 3

Cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus both cytosol and organelles

Question 4

What is the function of the cytoplasm

Answer 4

It is the site of all intracellular activities outside of the nucleus

Question 5

Describe the cytosol

Answer 5

It is composed of water, solutes, suspended particles, lipid droplets, and glycogen granules

Question 6

What is the function of the cytosol

Answer 6

It is the fluid in which many of the cells reactions occur

Question 7

Describe the cytoskeleton

Answer 7

A network in the cytoplasm that is composed of three protein filaments. Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

Question 8

What is the function of the cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Maintains shape and general organization of cellular contents. It is also responsible for cell movements

Question 9

Describe centrosomes

Answer 9

A pair of centrioles and a pericentriolar matrix

Question 10

What is the function of centrosomes

Answer 10

The pericentriolar matrix contains tubulins which are used for growth of the mitosis spindle and microtubule formation

Question 11

Describe cilia and flagellum

Answer 11

Motile cell surface projections that contain 20 micro tubules and a basal body

Question 12

Describe the function of cilia and flagella

Answer 12

Cilia: move fluids over the cells surface
Flagella: move the entire cell

Question 13

Describe the structure of ribosomes

Answer 13

Composed of two subunits of ribosomal RNA and proteins. They may be attach to rough ER or free in the cytosol

Question 14

What is the function of ribosomes

Answer 14

Protein synthesis

Question 15

Describe endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

A membranous network of flattened sacs or tubules it is covered by ribosomes. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes

Question 16

What is the function of Rough ER

Answer 16

Synthesizes glycoproteins and phospholipids that are transferred to cellular organelles, inserted into the plasma membrane, or secreted during exocytosis

Question 17

What is the function of smooth ER

Answer 17

Synthesizes fatty acids and steroids, inactivates or detoxifies drugs, removes phosphate group from glucose-6-phosphate and stores and releases calcium ions in muscle cells

Question 18

Describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 18

It’s made of 3-20 flattened membranous sacs called saccules. It is functionally divided into entry face medial saccules and exit face

Question 19

Describe the function of the Golgi

Answer 19

Entry face accepts proteins from rough ER, medial saccules form glycoproteins, glycolipids, and lipoproteins, Exit face modifies molecules further then sorts and packages them for transport

Question 20

Describe the lysosome

Answer 20

A vesicle formed from the golgi complex that contains digestive enzymes