Organ Systems Flashcards
Yellow bone marrow
fat cells & energy storage
Sensory neurons
S-ensory
A-fferent
D-orsal
Motor neurons
M-otor
E-fferent
V-entral
What part of the cycle is estrogen lowest?
Menstruation
What phase are ova held in until puberty?
Prophase I
At what point is an embryo considered a fetus?
9 weeks
Where do T-cells mature?
Thymus (born in bone)
Osteoclasts
Clasts Cleave Calcium
degrade bone, send calcium into blood
Osteoblasts
Blasts Build Bone
Starling forces
hydrostatic & oncotic pressure between Bowman’s space & glomerulus
Net flow from glomerulus into Bowman’s
Largest pressure = hydrostatic of Glomerulus into Bowmans
Aldosterone acts on the..
Distal convoluted tubule
&
Collecting duct
ADH acts on the…
Collecting duct
Aldosterone DIRECTLY increases…
sodium reabsorption
Aldosterone INdirectly increases…
water reabsorption
K+, H+ excretion
ADH increases…
water permeability of collecting duct to reabsorb more water
atrial natriuretic hormone
Blocks aldosterone, angio II, ADH
Decreases blood vol & BP
Angio II
vasoconstricts
increases HR
tells adrenal to secrete aldosterone
Adrenal cortex zones
(sex) Reticularis
(sugar) Fasciculata
(salt) Glomerulosa
Adrenal medulla secretes..
epi & norepi
What is reabsorbed from the descending loop?
Water - filtrate is descending into area of increasing concentration, so it becomes hypotonic to its surroundings and water is pushed out into vasa recta
What is reabsorbed from the ascending loop?
Na+ and Cl- filtrate is ascending into area of decreasing concentration, so it becomes hypertonic to its surroundings and na/cl ions are pushed out into vasa recta
How are ions reabsorbed from the thick ascending/diluting segment?
active transport with mitochondria
Smooth muscle is..
uni-nucleated
non-striated
ANS/involuntary
Cardiac muscle is…
1-2 nuclei
striated
ANS/involuntary
Skeletal muscle is…
multi-nucleated
striated
voluntary
What type of muscle can be myogenic?
Both smooth & cardiac
Red muscle
slow twitch, more myoglobin & mitochondria
White muscle
fast twitch, less myoglobin
How do steroid hormones cross the cell membrane?
Freely diffuse - they are cholesterol derivatives
Sympathetic response on vessels
vasodilates AND vasoconstricts (just different parts of the body)
Epidermis layers
Come (corneum) Let's (lucidum) Get (granulosum) Sun (spinosum) Burned (basale)
Dermis layers
Papillary (loose)
Reticular (dense)
Glucagon does what to blood glucose?
increases + upregulates gluconeogenesis
What main enzyme is in the stomach? What pH does it function best at?
Pepsin
pH 2
What main enzyme is in the duodenum? What pH does it function best at?
Aminopeptidase
pH 8
Brown adipose tissue contains lots of what organelle? What is it used for?
mitochondria
thermogenesis
What part of adipocytes are lipid droplets stored in?
smooth ER
