Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 1

2 sugar rings

Question 2

What are the 3 common disaccharides?

Answer 2

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

Question 3

Sucrose

Answer 3

fructose + glucose

Question 4

Lactose

Answer 4

galactose + glucose

Question 5

Maltose

Answer 5

glucose + glucose

Question 6

If an -H replaces an -OH, the sugar is referred to as what?

Answer 6

deoxy

Question 7

In ____ _____, the ____ carbon links to another sugar to start building a more complex carb

Answer 7

glycoside formation

anomeric

Question 8

What is the anomeric carbon?

Answer 8

straight chain form: carbonyl

ring form: new chiral center

Question 9

In alpha anomers, the -OH on the anomeric carbon is _____ to the free -CH2OH group

Answer 9

trans

Question 10

In beta anomers, the -OH on the anomeric carbon is _____ to the free -CH2OH group

Answer 10

cis

Question 11

D- and L- forms of the same sugars are _______

Answer 11

enantiomers

Question 12

When one anomeric form shifts to another its called ______ and ______ is the intermediate

Answer 12

mutorotation

the straight chain form

Question 13

What are the 3 main reactions that monosaccharides can undergo?

Answer 13

redox
esterification
glycoside formation

Question 14

What are the 3 main types of polysaccharides?

Answer 14

cellulose
starches
glycogen

Question 15

Which sugar is NOT reducing?

Answer 15

sucrose

Question 16

Reducing sugars are capable of ring opening at _________ group with the intermediate ________

Answer 16

hemiacetal

aldehyde