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Org Ana: Accessory Organs Flashcards

1
Q

what feature do accessory organs have that make it different

A

food does not pass through here pero malaki padin function in digestion and metabolism

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2
Q

the heaviest and largest gland of the body

A

liver; 3 lbs or 1.4 kg

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3
Q

location of liver

A

below the diaphragm sa R hypochondriac to epigastric

RUQ

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4
Q

how to examine the liver

A

pa inhale pt kase mag depress diaphragm tas pa mapush liver downward

edge can be palpated

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5
Q

functions of liver

A

production and secretion of bile

carbs, fat and protein metabolism

filters bacteria and foreign particles in blood; SPONGE

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6
Q

what happens in liver failure

A

di nangyayari yung 3 fucntions

cant digest well
cant metabolize
prone to infection/sepsis

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7
Q

is the liver intra or retriperitoneal and what covers it

A

intraperitoneal and completely covered by visceral peritoneum

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8
Q

which is larger right or left lobe

A

right lobe

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9
Q

what are the lobes of the liver

A

quadrate and caudate lobe

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10
Q

what divides the right lobe

A

gallblader, ligamentum venosum, ligamentum teres

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11
Q

what divides the liver into left and right

A

falciform ligament

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12
Q

what are lobules

A

makes up the liver; functional units of the liver

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13
Q

what is the composition of a lobule

A

hepatocytes arranged around a central vein (tributary of hepatic)

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14
Q

3 basic functions of liver

A

secretion of bile so metabolism of the 3 food groups

synthesizes heparin - anticoagulant and detoxifying

produces bile pigmentation from heparin

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15
Q

significance of bile in blood

A

blood has life span of 120 days - if reached pigment is created and contributes to bile formation

bile disorder - jaundice, pallor, anemia

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16
Q

it is the round ligament of liver

A

ligamentum teres

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17
Q

what is the ligamentum teres

A

free border of falciform; REMNANT OF UMBILICAL VEIN

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18
Q

what is the coronary ligament

A

right upper layer of falciform

reflection of the parietal peritoneum

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19
Q

function of coronary ligament

A

SUSPENDS LVIER FROM DIAPHRAGM

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20
Q

what are triangular ligaments

A

left - extension of coronary
right - from coronary

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21
Q

triangular ligaments significance

A

bare area of liver na walang peritoneum

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22
Q

where is the porta hepatis found

A

posteroinferior bet caudate and quadrate lobe

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23
Q

what does porta hepatis contain

A

R and L hepatic ducts
R and L branches of hepatic arteries
portal vein
symph and parasymph fibers
few hepatic lymph nodes

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24
Q

composition of portal canal

A

hepatic artery
portal vein
tributary of bile duct

PORTAL TRIAD

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25
what are sinusoids
spaces between the hepatocytes na may capillaries
26
function of sinusoids
contains KUPFFER cells - phagocytes for venous blood from GIT
27
artery of liver
hepatic artery (celiac) tas maging R and L terminal branches when enter ng porta hepatis
28
venous of liver
portal vein becomes R and L terminal branch pag nag enter porta hepatis hepatic vein (3 or more) sa posterior liver and drains into IVC
29
portal circulation
hepatic artery (30%) - bring oxy blood portal vein (70%) - venous blood rich in products absorbed in GIT
30
venous drainage of portal circulation
both arterial and venous blood drains to central vein central to R and L hepatic into IVC
31
explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver spleen, pancreas and large intestine
they drain to splenic vein w sup mesenteric drains to hepatic portal vein
32
explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver small and large intestine
superior mesenteric vein w splenic to hepatic portal vein
33
explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver galbladder, stomach and esophagus
direct to hepatic portal vein
34
explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver inside the liver
portal veins drains to sinusoides tas mag detoxify, synthesize and secrette bile tas sttore glycogen then filtered blood drains to central vein
35
explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver exit of filtered blood
numerous central veins unite hepatic vein that drains to IVC
36
explain the ducts of liver
from liver - R and L hepatic ducts from common hepatic duct cystic ducts yung sa galbladder cystic + common hepatic = common bile duct
37
explain common bile duct and pancreatic duct
will be joined by duct of wirsung and pierce 2nd part of duodenum - AMPULLA OF VATER
38
what is the muscle around ampulla of vater and the 2 ducts
circular muscle; SPHINCTER OF ODDI
39
pear shaped sac under liver
galbladder
40
describe the neck of galbladder
continous w cystic duct
41
functions of galbladder
stores and concentrates bile - NOT PRODUCED absorbs bile - KEEPING BILE ACIDS excretes cholesterol and secretes mucus releases cholecystokinin
42
explain how cholecystokinin is released
fat causes release allowing passage of concentrated bile to duodenum to digest fats
43
blood supp of galbladder
cystic artey (from R hepatic) cystic vein drains to portal vein
44
lymp of galbladder
drains to cystic lymph into hepatic into celiac nodes
45
loc of head of pancreas
C loop of duodenum
46
loc of uncinate of pancreas
part of head that extends to left behind sup mesenteric
47
loc of neck of pancreas
constricted portion of pancreas; connects head to body
48
loc of body of pancreas
runs up and left across midline
49
loc of tail of pancreas
passes forward to splenicorenal ligament in contact w hilum of spleen
50
describe the path of the main pancreatic duct
from tail and opens into 2nd part of duodenum w bile duct at VATER WIRSUNG
51
describe path of accessory duct of pancreas
drains upper part of head and opens into duodenum sa minor duodenal papilla SANTORINI
52
arterial supply of pancreas
splenic and superior and inferior PDA
53
venous of pancreas
drains to portal system
54
lymph of pancreas
celiac and superior mesenteric lymph nodes
55
largest single mass of lymphoid tissue
SPLEEN - oval and reddish
56
loc of spleen
LUQ under left of diaghphragm / 9 to 11th rib
57
what covers the spleen
peritoneum
58
blood supp of spleen
splenic artery - 6 branches enter spleen at hilum splenic vein joint superior mesenteric to portal
59
what is the retroperitoneal space
posterior abdominal wall behind parietal peritoneum
60
loc of retroperitoneal space
from T12 and rib 12 to sacrum and iliac crest
61
floor/posterior wall of retroperitoneal space
med to lat psoas. quad lumborum, transversus abdominis
62
anterior wall of retroperitoneal space
connective tissue
63
function of kidneys
to excrete waste products from metabolism controls water and electrolyte balance maintains acid-base balance of blood
64
discuss the path of waste from kidney
kidney - ureter - urinary bladder - urethra
65
which kidney is higher
left kidney bc of liver
66
what is the hilum of the kidney
concave border of kidney
67
what does hilum of the kidney transmit
renal vein 2 renal artery ureter 3rd branch of renal artery
68
what is the fibrous capsule of the kidney
surrounds kidney - OUTSIDE SURFACE TOUGH
69
what is the peritoneal fat of the kidney
covers fibrous capsule
70
what is the renal fascia of the kidney
encloses each kidney and suprarenal glands continous with fascia transversalis
71
what is the pararenal fat of the kidney
external to renal fascia; forms retroperitoneal fat
72
describe the outer cortex
dark brown, outer layer tas in betwenn medulla pa and pyramids
73
describe the inner medulla
renal pyramids - toward cortex; BASE renal papilla - faces mediall; APEX
74
describe the renal sinus
spaces in hilum that contains renal pelvis from renal pelvis to ureter to bladder to urethra
75
what is renal pelvis
expanded ends of ureter
76
blood supply of kidney
renal artery - L2 5 segmental artery enter hilum lobar artery interlobar artery arcuate artery interlobular artery afferent glomerular arterioles RENAL VEIN - IVC
77
what does lobar artery supply
each renal pyramid
78
what does interlobar artery supply
cortex
79
what does arcuate artery supply
base of pyramids
80
what does interlobular artery supply
ascends in cortex
81
lymph of kidney
lateral aortic lymph around renal artery
82
nerve supp of kidney
sympathetic plexus
83
what is ureter
muscular tube from kidney to post of bladder; 10 in
84
what are the 3 constrictions in the ureter
renal pelvis joints ureter crosses pelvic brim pierces bladder wall
85
blood supp of ureter
upper - renal art/vein middle - testicular/ovarian lower - superior vesical
86
lymph drainage of ureter
aortic and iliac nodes
87
nerve supp of ureter
renal, testicular/ovarian and hypogastric plexus in pelvis afferent symph enter L1 and L2 segments
88
what are suprarenal glands
yellow retroperitoneal organs in upper pole of kidneys
89
surrounds suprarenal glands and separates from kidney
surrounded by renal fascia; sep by perirenal fat
90
parts of suprarenal glands
cortex - yellow medulla - dark brown each is unique in the hormones they produce
91
identify if right or left suprarenal pyramid shape
right
92
identify if right or left suprarenal crescent shape
left
93
identify if right or left suprarenal on upper pole lng
right
94
identify if right or left suprarenal from upper pole to medial border until hilum
left
95
identify if right or left suprarenal behinds R lobe of liver and IVC
right
96
identify if right or left suprarenal behind pancreas and stomach
left
97
identify if right or left suprarenal rests post in diaphragm
both
98
function of cortex of adrenal
mineral corticoids - fluid electrolyte glucocorticoids - carbs, fat and protein metabolism sex hormones - development
99
function of medulla of adrenal
catecholamines - epi and norepi
100
arteries of adrenal
inferior phrenic aorta renal artery
101
vein of adrenal
drains to IVC
102
lymph of adrenal
lateral aortic nodes
103
what does pre aortic nodes drain
lower 3rd of esophagus to half down anal canal spleen pancreas galbladder liver
104
what does para aortic nodes drain
kidneys suprarenal testes/ovary uterine tubes fundus of uterus deep lymph in abdominal wall common iliac nodes
105
3 anterior visceral branches of aorta
celiac - T12 superior mesenteric - L1 inferior mesenteric - L2
106
3 lateral branches of aorta
suprarenal renal gonadal
107
5 lateral abdominal wall branches of aorta
inferior phrenic 4 lumbar arteries
108
3 terminal branches of aorta
2 common iliac median sacral
109
at what level does common iliac divide into 2 terminal branches
L4
110
at what level does common iliac divide into R and L external and internal iliac arteries
sacroiliac joint
110
anterior visceral tributary of IVC
hepatic vein
110
3 lateral visceral tributary of IVC
R suprarenal vein - left drains to left renal renal vein R testicular/ovarian - left drains to left renal
111
5 lateral abdominal wall tributaries
inferior phrenic vein 4 lumbar veins
112
3 tributaries of origin of IVC
2 common iliac veins - external and internal iliac vein median sacral vein

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