Org Ana: Accessory Organs Flashcards
what feature do accessory organs have that make it different
food does not pass through here pero malaki padin function in digestion and metabolism
the heaviest and largest gland of the body
liver; 3 lbs or 1.4 kg
location of liver
below the diaphragm sa R hypochondriac to epigastric
RUQ
how to examine the liver
pa inhale pt kase mag depress diaphragm tas pa mapush liver downward
edge can be palpated
functions of liver
production and secretion of bile
carbs, fat and protein metabolism
filters bacteria and foreign particles in blood; SPONGE
what happens in liver failure
di nangyayari yung 3 fucntions
cant digest well
cant metabolize
prone to infection/sepsis
is the liver intra or retriperitoneal and what covers it
intraperitoneal and completely covered by visceral peritoneum
which is larger right or left lobe
right lobe
what are the lobes of the liver
quadrate and caudate lobe
what divides the right lobe
gallblader, ligamentum venosum, ligamentum teres
what divides the liver into left and right
falciform ligament
what are lobules
makes up the liver; functional units of the liver
what is the composition of a lobule
hepatocytes arranged around a central vein (tributary of hepatic)
3 basic functions of liver
secretion of bile so metabolism of the 3 food groups
synthesizes heparin - anticoagulant and detoxifying
produces bile pigmentation from heparin
significance of bile in blood
blood has life span of 120 days - if reached pigment is created and contributes to bile formation
bile disorder - jaundice, pallor, anemia
it is the round ligament of liver
ligamentum teres
what is the ligamentum teres
free border of falciform; REMNANT OF UMBILICAL VEIN
what is the coronary ligament
right upper layer of falciform
reflection of the parietal peritoneum
function of coronary ligament
SUSPENDS LVIER FROM DIAPHRAGM
what are triangular ligaments
left - extension of coronary
right - from coronary
triangular ligaments significance
bare area of liver na walang peritoneum
where is the porta hepatis found
posteroinferior bet caudate and quadrate lobe
what does porta hepatis contain
R and L hepatic ducts
R and L branches of hepatic arteries
portal vein
symph and parasymph fibers
few hepatic lymph nodes
composition of portal canal
hepatic artery
portal vein
tributary of bile duct
PORTAL TRIAD
what are sinusoids
spaces between the hepatocytes na may capillaries
function of sinusoids
contains KUPFFER cells - phagocytes for venous blood from GIT
artery of liver
hepatic artery (celiac) tas maging R and L terminal branches when enter ng porta hepatis
venous of liver
portal vein becomes R and L terminal branch pag nag enter porta hepatis
hepatic vein (3 or more) sa posterior liver and drains into IVC
portal circulation
hepatic artery (30%) - bring oxy blood
portal vein (70%) - venous blood rich in products absorbed in GIT
venous drainage of portal circulation
both arterial and venous blood drains to central vein
central to R and L hepatic into IVC
explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver
spleen, pancreas and large intestine
they drain to splenic vein
w sup mesenteric drains to hepatic portal vein
explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver
small and large intestine
superior mesenteric vein
w splenic to hepatic portal vein
explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver
galbladder, stomach and esophagus
direct to hepatic portal vein
explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver
inside the liver
portal veins drains to sinusoides tas mag detoxify, synthesize and secrette bile tas sttore glycogen
then filtered blood drains to central vein
explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver
exit of filtered blood
numerous central veins unite hepatic vein that drains to IVC
explain the ducts of liver
from liver - R and L hepatic ducts from common hepatic duct
cystic ducts yung sa galbladder
cystic + common hepatic = common bile duct
explain common bile duct and pancreatic duct
will be joined by duct of wirsung and pierce 2nd part of duodenum - AMPULLA OF VATER
what is the muscle around ampulla of vater and the 2 ducts
circular muscle; SPHINCTER OF ODDI
pear shaped sac under liver
galbladder
describe the neck of galbladder
continous w cystic duct
functions of galbladder
stores and concentrates bile - NOT PRODUCED
absorbs bile - KEEPING BILE ACIDS
excretes cholesterol and secretes mucus
releases cholecystokinin
explain how cholecystokinin is released
fat causes release allowing passage of concentrated bile to duodenum to digest fats
blood supp of galbladder
cystic artey (from R hepatic)
cystic vein drains to portal vein
lymp of galbladder
drains to cystic lymph into hepatic into celiac nodes
loc of head of pancreas
C loop of duodenum
loc of uncinate of pancreas
part of head that extends to left behind sup mesenteric
loc of neck of pancreas
constricted portion of pancreas; connects head to body
loc of body of pancreas
runs up and left across midline
loc of tail of pancreas
passes forward to splenicorenal ligament in contact w hilum of spleen
describe the path of the main pancreatic duct
from tail and opens into 2nd part of duodenum w bile duct at VATER
WIRSUNG
describe path of accessory duct of pancreas
drains upper part of head and opens into duodenum sa minor duodenal papilla
SANTORINI
arterial supply of pancreas
splenic and superior and inferior PDA
venous of pancreas
drains to portal system
lymph of pancreas
celiac and superior mesenteric lymph nodes
largest single mass of lymphoid tissue
SPLEEN - oval and reddish
loc of spleen
LUQ
under left of diaghphragm / 9 to 11th rib
what covers the spleen
peritoneum
blood supp of spleen
splenic artery - 6 branches enter spleen at hilum
splenic vein joint superior mesenteric to portal
what is the retroperitoneal space
posterior abdominal wall behind parietal peritoneum
loc of retroperitoneal space
from T12 and rib 12 to sacrum and iliac crest
floor/posterior wall of retroperitoneal space
med to lat
psoas. quad lumborum, transversus abdominis
anterior wall of retroperitoneal space
connective tissue
function of kidneys
to excrete waste products from metabolism
controls water and electrolyte balance
maintains acid-base balance of blood
discuss the path of waste from kidney
kidney - ureter - urinary bladder - urethra
which kidney is higher
left kidney bc of liver
what is the hilum of the kidney
concave border of kidney
what does hilum of the kidney transmit
renal vein
2 renal artery
ureter
3rd branch of renal artery
what is the fibrous capsule of the kidney
surrounds kidney - OUTSIDE SURFACE
TOUGH
what is the peritoneal fat of the kidney
covers fibrous capsule
what is the renal fascia of the kidney
encloses each kidney and suprarenal glands continous with fascia transversalis
what is the pararenal fat of the kidney
external to renal fascia; forms retroperitoneal fat
describe the outer cortex
dark brown, outer layer tas in betwenn medulla pa and pyramids
describe the inner medulla
renal pyramids - toward cortex; BASE
renal papilla - faces mediall; APEX
describe the renal sinus
spaces in hilum that contains renal pelvis
from renal pelvis to ureter to bladder to urethra
what is renal pelvis
expanded ends of ureter
blood supply of kidney
renal artery - L2
5 segmental artery enter hilum
lobar artery
interlobar artery
arcuate artery
interlobular artery
afferent glomerular arterioles
RENAL VEIN - IVC
what does lobar artery supply
each renal pyramid
what does interlobar artery supply
cortex
what does arcuate artery supply
base of pyramids
what does interlobular artery supply
ascends in cortex
lymph of kidney
lateral aortic lymph around renal artery
nerve supp of kidney
sympathetic plexus
what is ureter
muscular tube from kidney to post of bladder; 10 in
what are the 3 constrictions in the ureter
renal pelvis joints ureter
crosses pelvic brim
pierces bladder wall
blood supp of ureter
upper - renal art/vein
middle - testicular/ovarian
lower - superior vesical
lymph drainage of ureter
aortic and iliac nodes
nerve supp of ureter
renal, testicular/ovarian and hypogastric plexus in pelvis
afferent symph enter L1 and L2 segments
what are suprarenal glands
yellow retroperitoneal organs in upper pole of kidneys
surrounds suprarenal glands and separates from kidney
surrounded by renal fascia; sep by perirenal fat
parts of suprarenal glands
cortex - yellow
medulla - dark brown
each is unique in the hormones they produce
identify if right or left suprarenal
pyramid shape
right
identify if right or left suprarenal
crescent shape
left
identify if right or left suprarenal
on upper pole lng
right
identify if right or left suprarenal
from upper pole to medial border until hilum
left
identify if right or left suprarenal
behinds R lobe of liver and IVC
right
identify if right or left suprarenal
behind pancreas and stomach
left
identify if right or left suprarenal
rests post in diaphragm
both
function of cortex of adrenal
mineral corticoids - fluid electrolyte
glucocorticoids - carbs, fat and protein metabolism
sex hormones - development
function of medulla of adrenal
catecholamines - epi and norepi
arteries of adrenal
inferior phrenic
aorta
renal artery
vein of adrenal
drains to IVC
lymph of adrenal
lateral aortic nodes
what does pre aortic nodes drain
lower 3rd of esophagus to half down anal canal
spleen
pancreas
galbladder
liver
what does para aortic nodes drain
kidneys
suprarenal
testes/ovary
uterine tubes
fundus of uterus
deep lymph in abdominal wall
common iliac nodes
3 anterior visceral branches of aorta
celiac - T12
superior mesenteric - L1
inferior mesenteric - L2
3 lateral branches of aorta
suprarenal
renal
gonadal
5 lateral abdominal wall branches of aorta
inferior phrenic
4 lumbar arteries
3 terminal branches of aorta
2 common iliac
median sacral
at what level does common iliac divide into 2 terminal branches
L4
at what level does common iliac divide into R and L external and internal iliac arteries
sacroiliac joint
anterior visceral tributary of IVC
hepatic vein
3 lateral visceral tributary of IVC
R suprarenal vein - left drains to left renal
renal vein
R testicular/ovarian - left drains to left renal
5 lateral abdominal wall tributaries
inferior phrenic vein
4 lumbar veins
3 tributaries of origin of IVC
2 common iliac veins
- external and internal iliac vein
median sacral vein
