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comeback szn > Org Ana: Accessory Organs > Flashcards

Org Ana: Accessory Organs Flashcards

1
Q

what feature do accessory organs have that make it different

A

food does not pass through here pero malaki padin function in digestion and metabolism

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2
Q

the heaviest and largest gland of the body

A

liver; 3 lbs or 1.4 kg

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3
Q

location of liver

A

below the diaphragm sa R hypochondriac to epigastric

RUQ

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4
Q

how to examine the liver

A

pa inhale pt kase mag depress diaphragm tas pa mapush liver downward

edge can be palpated

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5
Q

functions of liver

A

production and secretion of bile

carbs, fat and protein metabolism

filters bacteria and foreign particles in blood; SPONGE

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6
Q

what happens in liver failure

A

di nangyayari yung 3 fucntions

cant digest well
cant metabolize
prone to infection/sepsis

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7
Q

is the liver intra or retriperitoneal and what covers it

A

intraperitoneal and completely covered by visceral peritoneum

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8
Q

which is larger right or left lobe

A

right lobe

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9
Q

what are the lobes of the liver

A

quadrate and caudate lobe

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10
Q

what divides the right lobe

A

gallblader, ligamentum venosum, ligamentum teres

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11
Q

what divides the liver into left and right

A

falciform ligament

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12
Q

what are lobules

A

makes up the liver; functional units of the liver

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13
Q

what is the composition of a lobule

A

hepatocytes arranged around a central vein (tributary of hepatic)

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14
Q

3 basic functions of liver

A

secretion of bile so metabolism of the 3 food groups

synthesizes heparin - anticoagulant and detoxifying

produces bile pigmentation from heparin

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15
Q

significance of bile in blood

A

blood has life span of 120 days - if reached pigment is created and contributes to bile formation

bile disorder - jaundice, pallor, anemia

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16
Q

it is the round ligament of liver

A

ligamentum teres

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17
Q

what is the ligamentum teres

A

free border of falciform; REMNANT OF UMBILICAL VEIN

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18
Q

what is the coronary ligament

A

right upper layer of falciform

reflection of the parietal peritoneum

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19
Q

function of coronary ligament

A

SUSPENDS LVIER FROM DIAPHRAGM

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20
Q

what are triangular ligaments

A

left - extension of coronary
right - from coronary

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21
Q

triangular ligaments significance

A

bare area of liver na walang peritoneum

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22
Q

where is the porta hepatis found

A

posteroinferior bet caudate and quadrate lobe

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23
Q

what does porta hepatis contain

A

R and L hepatic ducts
R and L branches of hepatic arteries
portal vein
symph and parasymph fibers
few hepatic lymph nodes

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24
Q

composition of portal canal

A

hepatic artery
portal vein
tributary of bile duct

PORTAL TRIAD

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25
Q

what are sinusoids

A

spaces between the hepatocytes na may capillaries

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26
Q

function of sinusoids

A

contains KUPFFER cells - phagocytes for venous blood from GIT

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27
Q

artery of liver

A

hepatic artery (celiac) tas maging R and L terminal branches when enter ng porta hepatis

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28
Q

venous of liver

A

portal vein becomes R and L terminal branch pag nag enter porta hepatis

hepatic vein (3 or more) sa posterior liver and drains into IVC

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29
Q

portal circulation

A

hepatic artery (30%) - bring oxy blood

portal vein (70%) - venous blood rich in products absorbed in GIT

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30
Q

venous drainage of portal circulation

A

both arterial and venous blood drains to central vein

central to R and L hepatic into IVC

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31
Q

explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver

spleen, pancreas and large intestine

A

they drain to splenic vein

w sup mesenteric drains to hepatic portal vein

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32
Q

explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver

small and large intestine

A

superior mesenteric vein

w splenic to hepatic portal vein

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33
Q

explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver

galbladder, stomach and esophagus

A

direct to hepatic portal vein

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34
Q

explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver

inside the liver

A

portal veins drains to sinusoides tas mag detoxify, synthesize and secrette bile tas sttore glycogen

then filtered blood drains to central vein

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35
Q

explain how blood from diff organs make daan to liver

exit of filtered blood

A

numerous central veins unite hepatic vein that drains to IVC

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36
Q

explain the ducts of liver

A

from liver - R and L hepatic ducts from common hepatic duct

cystic ducts yung sa galbladder

cystic + common hepatic = common bile duct

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37
Q

explain common bile duct and pancreatic duct

A

will be joined by duct of wirsung and pierce 2nd part of duodenum - AMPULLA OF VATER

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38
Q

what is the muscle around ampulla of vater and the 2 ducts

A

circular muscle; SPHINCTER OF ODDI

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39
Q

pear shaped sac under liver

A

galbladder

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40
Q

describe the neck of galbladder

A

continous w cystic duct

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41
Q

functions of galbladder

A

stores and concentrates bile - NOT PRODUCED

absorbs bile - KEEPING BILE ACIDS

excretes cholesterol and secretes mucus

releases cholecystokinin

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42
Q

explain how cholecystokinin is released

A

fat causes release allowing passage of concentrated bile to duodenum to digest fats

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43
Q

blood supp of galbladder

A

cystic artey (from R hepatic)

cystic vein drains to portal vein

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44
Q

lymp of galbladder

A

drains to cystic lymph into hepatic into celiac nodes

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45
Q

loc of head of pancreas

A

C loop of duodenum

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46
Q

loc of uncinate of pancreas

A

part of head that extends to left behind sup mesenteric

47
Q

loc of neck of pancreas

A

constricted portion of pancreas; connects head to body

48
Q

loc of body of pancreas

A

runs up and left across midline

49
Q

loc of tail of pancreas

A

passes forward to splenicorenal ligament in contact w hilum of spleen

50
Q

describe the path of the main pancreatic duct

A

from tail and opens into 2nd part of duodenum w bile duct at VATER

WIRSUNG

51
Q

describe path of accessory duct of pancreas

A

drains upper part of head and opens into duodenum sa minor duodenal papilla

SANTORINI

52
Q

arterial supply of pancreas

A

splenic and superior and inferior PDA

53
Q

venous of pancreas

A

drains to portal system

54
Q

lymph of pancreas

A

celiac and superior mesenteric lymph nodes

55
Q

largest single mass of lymphoid tissue

A

SPLEEN - oval and reddish

56
Q

loc of spleen

A

LUQ

under left of diaghphragm / 9 to 11th rib

57
Q

what covers the spleen

A

peritoneum

58
Q

blood supp of spleen

A

splenic artery - 6 branches enter spleen at hilum

splenic vein joint superior mesenteric to portal

59
Q

what is the retroperitoneal space

A

posterior abdominal wall behind parietal peritoneum

60
Q

loc of retroperitoneal space

A

from T12 and rib 12 to sacrum and iliac crest

61
Q

floor/posterior wall of retroperitoneal space

A

med to lat

psoas. quad lumborum, transversus abdominis

62
Q

anterior wall of retroperitoneal space

A

connective tissue

63
Q

function of kidneys

A

to excrete waste products from metabolism

controls water and electrolyte balance

maintains acid-base balance of blood

64
Q

discuss the path of waste from kidney

A

kidney - ureter - urinary bladder - urethra

65
Q

which kidney is higher

A

left kidney bc of liver

66
Q

what is the hilum of the kidney

A

concave border of kidney

67
Q

what does hilum of the kidney transmit

A

renal vein
2 renal artery
ureter
3rd branch of renal artery

68
Q

what is the fibrous capsule of the kidney

A

surrounds kidney - OUTSIDE SURFACE

TOUGH

69
Q

what is the peritoneal fat of the kidney

A

covers fibrous capsule

70
Q

what is the renal fascia of the kidney

A

encloses each kidney and suprarenal glands continous with fascia transversalis

71
Q

what is the pararenal fat of the kidney

A

external to renal fascia; forms retroperitoneal fat

72
Q

describe the outer cortex

A

dark brown, outer layer tas in betwenn medulla pa and pyramids

73
Q

describe the inner medulla

A

renal pyramids - toward cortex; BASE

renal papilla - faces mediall; APEX

74
Q

describe the renal sinus

A

spaces in hilum that contains renal pelvis

from renal pelvis to ureter to bladder to urethra

75
Q

what is renal pelvis

A

expanded ends of ureter

76
Q

blood supply of kidney

A

renal artery - L2

5 segmental artery enter hilum

lobar artery

interlobar artery

arcuate artery

interlobular artery

afferent glomerular arterioles

RENAL VEIN - IVC

77
Q

what does lobar artery supply

A

each renal pyramid

78
Q

what does interlobar artery supply

A

cortex

79
Q

what does arcuate artery supply

A

base of pyramids

80
Q

what does interlobular artery supply

A

ascends in cortex

81
Q

lymph of kidney

A

lateral aortic lymph around renal artery

82
Q

nerve supp of kidney

A

sympathetic plexus

83
Q

what is ureter

A

muscular tube from kidney to post of bladder; 10 in

84
Q

what are the 3 constrictions in the ureter

A

renal pelvis joints ureter

crosses pelvic brim

pierces bladder wall

85
Q

blood supp of ureter

A

upper - renal art/vein

middle - testicular/ovarian

lower - superior vesical

86
Q

lymph drainage of ureter

A

aortic and iliac nodes

87
Q

nerve supp of ureter

A

renal, testicular/ovarian and hypogastric plexus in pelvis

afferent symph enter L1 and L2 segments

88
Q

what are suprarenal glands

A

yellow retroperitoneal organs in upper pole of kidneys

89
Q

surrounds suprarenal glands and separates from kidney

A

surrounded by renal fascia; sep by perirenal fat

90
Q

parts of suprarenal glands

A

cortex - yellow
medulla - dark brown

each is unique in the hormones they produce

91
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

pyramid shape

A

right

92
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

crescent shape

A

left

93
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

on upper pole lng

A

right

94
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

from upper pole to medial border until hilum

A

left

95
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

behinds R lobe of liver and IVC

A

right

96
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

behind pancreas and stomach

A

left

97
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

rests post in diaphragm

A

both

98
Q

function of cortex of adrenal

A

mineral corticoids - fluid electrolyte

glucocorticoids - carbs, fat and protein metabolism

sex hormones - development

99
Q

function of medulla of adrenal

A

catecholamines - epi and norepi

100
Q

arteries of adrenal

A

inferior phrenic
aorta
renal artery

101
Q

vein of adrenal

A

drains to IVC

102
Q

lymph of adrenal

A

lateral aortic nodes

103
Q

what does pre aortic nodes drain

A

lower 3rd of esophagus to half down anal canal

spleen
pancreas
galbladder
liver

104
Q

what does para aortic nodes drain

A

kidneys
suprarenal
testes/ovary
uterine tubes
fundus of uterus
deep lymph in abdominal wall
common iliac nodes

105
Q

3 anterior visceral branches of aorta

A

celiac - T12
superior mesenteric - L1
inferior mesenteric - L2

106
Q

3 lateral branches of aorta

A

suprarenal
renal
gonadal

107
Q

5 lateral abdominal wall branches of aorta

A

inferior phrenic
4 lumbar arteries

108
Q

3 terminal branches of aorta

A

2 common iliac
median sacral

109
Q

at what level does common iliac divide into 2 terminal branches

A

L4

110
Q

at what level does common iliac divide into R and L external and internal iliac arteries

A

sacroiliac joint

110
Q

anterior visceral tributary of IVC

A

hepatic vein

110
Q

3 lateral visceral tributary of IVC

A

R suprarenal vein - left drains to left renal

renal vein

R testicular/ovarian - left drains to left renal

111
Q

5 lateral abdominal wall tributaries

A

inferior phrenic vein
4 lumbar veins

112
Q

3 tributaries of origin of IVC

A

2 common iliac veins
- external and internal iliac vein

median sacral vein

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