Org 10 - Ethers & Phenols Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general structure of an Ether ?

A

N.B. ‘R’ groups may be aliphatic or aromatic

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2
Q

What is the process for naming Ethers ?

A

Name the two groups either side of the ‘O’ and add ‘Ether’ to the end. The names appear in alphabetical order.

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3
Q

Describe the boiling points of Ethers ?

A

Comparable to other hydrocarbons, relatively low compared to alcohols.

Ethers are more polar but less capable of forming Hydrogen bonds.

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4
Q

Describe the stability of Ethers in Water ?

A

Only slightly soluble, but can form inter-molecular hydrogen bonds.

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5
Q

What will happen to an Ether in the presence of a high concetration of a strong acid ? E.g. HI or HBr

A

The ether linkage will be cleaved forming an alcohol and a Alkyl halide.

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6
Q

Name two important reactions of Ethers ?

A
  1. Williamson Ether synthesis (Sn1)
  2. Acidic Cleavage
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7
Q

What is a 3-membered cyclic ether also known as ?

A

Epoxide

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8
Q

What is Phenol ?

A
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9
Q

Describe acidity in Phenols ?

A

More acidic than their corresponding alcohols due to the electron withdrawing ad resonance stabilisation effects of the aromatic ring.

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10
Q

What is the effect of substituent groups on Phenol ?

A
  • Effect acidity by inductive effects (E.g. Alcohols) and resonance effects
  • Electron stabilising (Withdrawing/meta directing) goups at ortho and para positions increase the acidity of the phenol
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11
Q

What groups are likely to make phenol more acidic ?

A

Electron stabilizing (E.g. withdrawing or meta-directing) groups at ortho and para positions, E.g:

Nitro group NO2

CN

CO2H

Halogens

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12
Q

What substituent groups are likely to make Phenol less acidic ?

A

Destabilizing groups e.g. Alkyl groups

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13
Q

Describe boiling point and solubility trends in phenols ?

A
  • Fairly high boiling point due to ability to form hydrogen bonds
  • Limited solubility in water due to hydrophobic nature of the aromatic ring
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14
Q

Describe the main reaction of Phenols ?

A
  • Electrophilic aromatic substitution
  • The hydroxyl group is a powerful activating group, and an ortho-para director, eg. Phenols can brominate 3x in Bromine Water.
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