Gen 8 - Enthalpy & Thermochemistry Flashcards
What is thermochemistry ?
The study of energy absorbed or released in chemical reactions or any physical transformations (ie. phase change)
What equation represents the enthalpy change of a reaction ?
What does a positive enthalpy change (delta H+) represent ?
The flow of heat into a system as a reaction occurs - E.g. An Endothermic reaction
What does a negative enthalpy change represent ?
Heat energy is given off to its surroundings - an exothermic reaction.
What is the law of conservation of energy ?
The total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time (if there is no associated external force)
What is the second law of thermodynamics ?
The entropy or randomness of the universe increases in any real system.
For a reaction to proceed, the entropy of the system must increase.
What is the difference between enthalpy and entropy ?
Enthalpy is the heat transfer that takes place at constant pressure.
Entropy gives an idea of the randomness of a system.
What is the first law of thermodynamics ?
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
What is delta Hf ?
The standard enthalpy (or heat) of formation is the change of enthalpy that would occur when 1 mole of a substance is formed from its elemental constituents, in a standard state reaction.
What is the standard enthalpy of formation of an element in its standard state ?
Zero, as no enthalpy change is involved in their formation.
What are the SI units for enthalpy ?
KJ/mole
What is delta Hrxn ?
The standard enthalpy change for a reaction - the change of enthalpy that would occur if one mole of matter is transformed by a chemical reaction with all reactants and products under standard state.
What is Hess’s law ?
Why is it important to define standard conditions in terms of Thermochemistry ?
Because enthalpy changes depend on the conditions under which the reactions are carried out.
What is standard pressure ?
1 atmosphere, approx 1 barr
What is standard temperature with regards to thermochemistry ?
Generally 25 ºC if unspecified
What is the standard physical state of an element ?
The “natural” physical state of an element under standard temperature and pressure