GS-1 Revision Points Flashcards
Where are ribosomes found ?
In the Cytosol or associated with the Rough ER
How are enzymes named ?
Usually relating to function e.g. Esterase cleaves an ester bond in translation
Describe the graphs representing concentration over time for 0, 1st and 2nd Order reactions
What is the result when a log is taken of an exponential curve ?
A straight line
What is one Picogram ?
One trillionth (10-12) of a gram
What happens is Eº is < 0 ?
Eº is the standard reduction potential, if this is less than 0, the reaction will not be spontaneous.
What is the Bernoulli effect ?
What is Newton’s third law ?
For every action there must be an equal and opposite reaction
Define Flow
Volume per unit time
Sketch a diagram of pressure and velocity, for a fluid in laminar flow
What is the flow rate of laminar flow ?
It is constant
What happens to the solubility of a gas when the pressure over the solution is decreased ?
What happens to the solubility of a gas when temperature is increased ?
the solubility decreases
How do you calculate percentage mass ?
How would you derive which indicator is most appropriate for a pH change of a reaction ?
The indicator must change colour in a range which includes the end point of the reaction.
What is pKa ?
The acid dissociation constant - it is the negative log of Ka
Therefore, when pKa is high, Ka is low, and vice versa
What happens to the pKb of the conjugate base, if Ka is low ?
The pKb of the conjugate base will be the opposite of the conjugate acid, therefore pKa will be high, and pKb will be low.
If a reaction normally uses a catalyst, but it is removed, what would be the impact on the partial pressures of the reactants at equilibrium ?
No effect, because catalysts only change the rate of the reaction, not the equilibrium position itself.
Descibe Le Chateliers principle
With regard to an organisms survival, genetic mutations are usually… ?
Negative or neutral
What is a cumulated Diene ?
Where the multiple double bonds share a common Carbon atom.
What is a conjugated diene ?
Conjugated double bonds separated by single bonds, E.g. 1,3 Butadiene
What is an unconjugated Diene ?
(Also known as an Isolated Diene)
Double bonds are separated by two or more single bonds, they are usually less stable than isomeric conjugated dienes
Describe the Diels-Alder Diene conformation ?
Must be Cis conformation, with two double bonds on the same side of the single bond.
How many conjugated Dienes are shown below ?
1
Only the 2nd structure represents 2 double bonds separated exactly by one single bond
Which of the following is NOT a pair of resonance structures ?
IV
How would you calculate refractive index ?
What happens to velocity and wavelength when light travels from one medium to another with a different refractive index ?
Velocity and Wavelength also change
What happens to the intensity of a light ray as it passes through a medium other than air ?
Its velocity decreases in the medium leading to a loss of energy
(N.B. Intensity is the rate of energy propagation through space)
