Order Flashcards
Any of five styles of classical architecture - Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan and Composite - characterized by the type and arrangement of column and entablatues employed.
Order
The crowning member of a classical cornice, usually a cyma recta.
Cymatium
The projecting, slablike member of a classical cornice, supported by the bed molding and crowned by the cymatium.
Corona
The molding or group of moldings immediately beneath the corona of a cornice.
Bed Molding
The uppermost member of a classical entablature, consisting typically of a cymatium, corona, and bed molding.
Cornice
The horizntal part of a classical entablature between the cornice and architrave, often decorated with sculture in low relief.
Frieze
The lowermost division of a classical entablature, resting directly on the column capitals and supporting the frieze.
Architrave
The distinctively treated uppper end of a column, pillar or pier, crowning the shaft and taking the weight of the entablature or architrave.
capital
The horizontal section of a classical order that rests on the columns, usually composed of a cornice, frieze and architrave.
Entablature
The use or arrangement of columns in a structure.
Columniation
Having two columns on one or each front.
Distyle
Having three column on one or each front.
Tristyle
Having four columns on one or each front.
Tetrastyle
Having five columns on one or each front.
Pentastyle
Having six columns on one or each front.
Hexastyle
Having seven columns on one or each front.
Heptastyle
Having eight columns on one or either front.
Octastyle
Having nine columns on one or on each front.
Enneastyle, Enneastylar
Having 10 columns on one or on each front.
Decastyle
Having 12 columns on one or either front.
Dodecastyle, dodecastylar, duodecastyle
The central part of a column or pier between capital and the base.
Shaft
The lowermost portion of a wall, column, pier, or other structure, usually distinctively treated and considered as an architectural unit.
Base
The part of a pedestal between the base and the cornice or cap.
Dado, die
The usually square slab beneath the base of a column, pier, or pedestal.
Plinth
A cylindrical support in classical architecture, consisting of a capital, shaft, and usually a base, either monolithic or built up of drums the full diameter of the shaft.
Column
A construction upon which a column, statue, memorial shaft, or the like, is elevated, usually consisting of a base, a dado, and a cornice or cap.
Pedestal
The space between two adjacent columns, usually the clear space between teh lower parts of the shafts, measured in column diameters. Also, a system for spacing columns in a colonnade based on this measurement.
Intercolumniation
Having an intercolumniation of 1 1/2 diameters.
Pycnostyle
having an intercolumniation of two diameters.
Systyle
Having an intercolumniation of 2 1/4 diameters
Eustyle
Having an intercolumniation of three diameters.
Diastle
having an intercolumniation of four diameters.
Araeostyle or areostyle
The placement of two columns or pilasters very close together.
Accouplement
The oldest and simplest of the five classical orders, developed in Greece in the 7th century BCE and later imitated by the Romans, characterized by a fluted column having no base, a plain cushion-shaped capital supporting a square abacus, and an entablature consisting of a plain architrave, a frieze of trglyphs and metopes and a cornice, the corona of which has mutules on its soffit. In the Roman Doric order, the columns are mroe slender and usually have bases, the channeling is sometimes altered or omitted and the capital consists of a bandlike necking, an echinus, and a molded abacus.
Doric Order
The underside of an architectural element, as that of an arch, beam, cornice, or staircase.
Soffit
One of a series of small, droplike ornaments, attached to the undersides of the mutules and regulae of a Doric entablature.
Gutta, Drop
A projecting flat block under the corona of a Doric cornice, corresponding to the modillion of other orders.
Mutule
A frieze bearing carved figures of people or animals.
Zophorus, zoophorus
One of the vertical blocks separating the metopes in a Doric frieze, typically having two vertical grooves or glyphs on its face, and two chamfers or hemiglyphs at the sides.
Triglyph
Any of the panels, either plain or decorated, between triglyphs in the Doric frieze.
Metope or intertriglyph
A raised band or fillet separating the frieze from the architrave on a Doric entablature.
Taenia, Tenia
A fillet beneath the taenia in a Doric entablature, corresponding to a triglyph above and from which guttae are suspended.
Regula, Guttae Band
That part of the necking between the hypotrachelium and the capital of a classical column.
Trachelium
The flat slab forming the top of a column capital, plain in the Doric style, but molded or otherwise enriched in other style.
Abacus
The prominent circular molding supporting the abacus of a Doric or Tuscan Capital.
Echinus
The upper part of a column, just above the shaft and below the projecting part of the capital, when differentiated by a molding, groove or the omission of fluting.
Necking
An encircling band, molding, or fillet, on a capital or shaft of a column.
Annulet
Any member between the capital and the shaft of a classical column
Hypotrachelium
A slight convexity given to a column to correct an optical illusion of concavity if the sides were straight.
Entasis
Any of several cylindrical stones laid one above the other to form a column or pier.
Drum
A decorative motif consisting of a series of long, rounded, parallel grooves, as on the shaft of a classical column.
Fluting
A rounded channel or groove.
Flute or Stria
A classical order of Roman origin, basically a simplified Roman Doric characterized by an unfluted column and a plain base, capital and entablature having no decoration other than moldings.
Tuscan Order
A classical order that developed in the Greek colonies of Asia Minor in the 6th century BCE, characterized esp by the spiral volutes of its capital. The fluted columns typically had molded bases and supported an entablature consisting of an architrave of three fascias, a richly ornamedted frieze and a cornice corbeled out on egg-and-dart and dentil moldings. Roman and Renaissance examples are often more elaborate, and usually set the volutes of the capitals 45d to the architrave.
Ionic order
An ornamental motif for enriching an ovolo or echinus, consisting of a closely set, alternating series of oval and pointed forms.
Egg and Dart, Egg and Toungue
Any of a series of closely spaced, small, rectangular blocks forming a molding or projecting beneath the coronas of Ionic, Corinthian and Composite cornices.
Dentil
One of the three horizontal bands making up the architrave in the Ionic order.
Fascia
A spiral, scroll-like ornament, as on the capitals of the Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite orders.
Volute
The vertical guideline through the eye of a volute in an Ionic capital, from which the spiral form is determined.
Cathetus
The circular molding under the cushion of an Ionic capital between the volutes, usually carved with an egg-and-dart pattern.
Echinus, Cymatium
A narrow part of the surface of a column shaft left between adjoining flutes.
Fillet
A small, concave curve joining the shaft of a classical column to its base.
Apophyge, Apophysis
A base to a classical column, consisting of an upper and a lower torus separated by a scotia between two fillets.
Attic Base
A deep concave molding between two fillets.
Scotia, Trochilus
A large convex, semicircular molding, commonly found directly above the plinth of the base of a classical column.
Torus
An ornamental bracket, usually in the form of a scroll with acanthus, used in series beneath the corona of a Corinthian, Composite or Roman Ionic cornice.
Modillion
A spiral ornament, such as any of the volutes issuing from a cauliculus in a Corinthian capital.
Helix
Any of the ornamental stalks rising between the acanthus leaves of a Corinthian capital, from whic hthe volutes spring.
Cauliculus, Caulcole
The underlying part of a foliated capital, between the abacus and neck molding.
Bell
An ornament, such as on the Corinthian capital, patterned after the large, toothed leaves of a Mediterranean plant of the same name.
Acanthus
The most ornate of the five classical orders, developed by the Greeks in the 4th century BCE, but used more extensively in Roman architecture, similar in most respects to the Ionic but usually of slendered proportions and characterized esp by a deep bell-shaped capital decorated with acanthus leaves and an abacu with concave sides.
Corinthian order
One of the five classical orders, popular esp since the beginning of the Renaissance but invented by the ancient Romans, in which the Corinthian order is modified by superimposing four diagonally set Ionic volutes on a bell of Corinthian acanthus leaves.
Composite order
An order of columns more than one story in height.
Colossal Order, Giant Order
