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Gross Anatomy Exam 4 > Orbits > Flashcards

Orbits Flashcards

1
Q

Periorbita

A

Orbital fascia

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2
Q

Bony walls of the orbit

A 
Frontal bone
Sphenoid
Maxillary
Palatine
Lacrimal
Ethmoid
Zygomatic
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3
Q

How does CN V2 travel through the orbit

A

Inferior orbital fissure - infraorbital groove (maxillary bone) - infraorbital foramen - face, teeth

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4
Q

What structures run through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve

Opthalmic artery

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5
Q

What structures run through the superior orbital fissure?

A

V1
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Abducens

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6
Q

Sclera

A

White wall of eye

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7
Q

Lacrimal caruncle

A

Small mass of mucous membrane at medial corner of eye

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8
Q

Superior/inferior lacrimal puncta

A

Small openings above and below caruncle for collection of tears

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9
Q

Tarsal plates

A

Bands of connective tissue that strengthen the eyelids

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10
Q

Lacrimal canaliculi

A

Transports tears from lacrimal puncta to lacrimal sac

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11
Q

Lacrimal sac

A

Collects tears

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12
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Drains tears into nasal cavity

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13
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent anterior surface of the eye

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14
Q

Lens

A

Focuses light on the retina

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15
Q

Retina

A

Posterior lining of the eye with specialized photoreceptors

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16
Q

Posterior cavity of the eye

A

Cavity posterior to the lens

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17
Q

Vitreous body

A

Transparent, gelatinous substance within posterior cavity

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18
Q

Anterior cavity of the eye

A

Space anterior to the lens

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19
Q

Anterior chamber of the eye

A

Space between cornea and iris

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20
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Clear, watery fluid in anterior cavity

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21
Q

Posterior chamber of the eye

A

Space between lens and iris

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22
Q

Ciliary muscle

A

Smooth muscle that changes shape of lens

Contraction = loosen suspensory ligaments = lens thickens

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23
Q

Suspensory ligament (eye)

A

Connects ciliary muscle to capsule of lens

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24
Q

Sphincter pupillae

A

Circular smooth muscle that affects size of pupil
Works in conjunction with dilator pupillae
Contraction = constrict pupil
N: parasympathetics (Oculomotor CN III)

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25
Q

Canal of Schlemm

A

Drains fluid from anterior cavity

Between angle of cornea and iris

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26
Q

What causes glaucoma?

A

Blockage of the canal of Schlemm

27
Q

Conjuctiva

A

Mucous membrane of anterior eye and eyelids

Sits on top of cornea and folds over to inside of eyelid

28
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Skeletal muscle that elevates upper eyelid

29
Q

Superior tarsal (Mueller’s) muscle

A

Smooth muscle that helps elevate the upper eyelid

30
Q

Dilator pupillae

A

Smooth muscle that controls size of pupil with sphincter pupillae
Contraction = dilation of pupil
Controlled by sympathetics

31
Q

What shape is the lens for distant vision?

A

Flattened - ciliary muscle relaxed

32
Q

What shape is the lens for closeup vision?

A

Thickened - ciliary muscle contracted

33
Q

Fovea

A

Depression in retina that represents area of highest visual acuity

34
Q

Common tendinous ring

A

A fibrous cuff at the apex of the orbit
The 4 recti muscles arise from here
Surrounds the optic canal and part of the superior orbital fissure

35
Q

Superior rectus

A

Common tendinous ring - superior aspect of eyeball
A: elevate, adduct
N: oculomotor (III)

36
Q

Inferior rectus

A

Common tendinous ring - inferior aspect of eyeball
A: depress, adduct
N: oculomotor (III)

37
Q

Medial rectus

A

Common tendinous ring - medial eye
A: adduct
N: oculomotor (III)

38
Q

Lateral rectus

A

Common tendinous ring - lateral eye
A: abduct
N: abducens (VI)

39
Q

Superior oblique

A

body of sphenoid bone - medial aspect of orbit - trochlea - superior eye
A: depression, abduct
N: trochlear (CN IV)

40
Q

Inferior oblique

A

anterior/medial part of the floor of the orbit - inferior eye
A: Elevate, abduct
N: oculomotor (CN III)

41
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

lesser wing of sphenoid bone (near optic canal) - superior tarsus (upper eyelid)
A: raises upper eyelid
N: oculomotor (III)

42
Q

Ptosis

A

drooping of the upper eyelid

43
Q

The lateral retina gets visual information from the _______ field of vision and projects onto the _______ side of the brain

A

the lateral retina gets visual info from the MEDIAL field of vision and projects onto the SAME SIDE of the brain

44
Q

the medial retina recieves information from the _______ visual field and project onto the _______ side of the brain

A

the medial retina recieves info from the LATERAL visual fields and projects onto the OPPOSITE SIDE of the brain

45
Q

Right optic nerve lesion

A

cause complete blindness in right eye

46
Q

optic chiasm lesion

A

would lose function of the medial retina - cannot see both lateral fields of vision

47
Q

Right optic tract lesion

A

Lose function of the right lateral retina and the left medial retina
Lose vision of the right medial view and the left lateral view

48
Q

How do parasympathetics of the oculomotor nerve (III) travel to the lens and pupil?

A

synapse in the ciliary ganglion - short ciliary nerves - eyeball

49
Q

Branches of the opthalmic division of trigeminal (V1)

A

frontal
nasociliary
lacrimal

50
Q

Frontal nerve

A

Branch off of opthalmic division of trigeminal (V1)
Splits into supraorbital and supratrochlear
Sensation from forehead

51
Q

Nasociliary nerve

A

Branches into anterior and posterior ethmoidal - sensation from ethmoid air cells, nasal cavity and bridge of nose (external nasal nerve)
Turns into infratrochlear when it exits orbit - sensation from skin around medial eye
Sensation from cornea
Also branches into long ciliary nerves

52
Q

Lacrimal nerve

A

Sensation from skin outside the eye

Also used by facial nerve to get parasympathetics to lacrimal gland

53
Q

Long ciliary nerves

A

Branch from nasociliary nerve (v1) - back of eye
Medial side of optic nerve
Carry sympathetic and sensory fibers

54
Q

Short ciliary nerves

A

Ciliary ganglion - back of eye
Lateral to optic nerve
Carry sympathetic, parasympathetic, and general sensory nerve fibers

55
Q

How does the maxillary division of trigeminal (V2) travel through the orbit?

A

**Does nothing in the orbit

Gives rise to zygomatic nerve in lateral orbit and travels along floor as infraorbital nerve

56
Q

Which branches of the maxillary division of trigeminal (V2) carry sensation from the skin of the face?

A

V2 branches into zygomatic

Zygomatic branches into zygomatico temporal, zygomaticofacial, and infraorbital nerves

57
Q

superior alveolar nerves

A

branch of maxillary divison of trigeminal (V2)

Sensation from mx teeth

58
Q

Main artery of the orbit

A

ophthalmic artery

59
Q

Name branches of the opthalmic artery (which is a branch off of internal carotid)

A 
lacrimal
supraorbital
supratrochlear
anterior/posterior ethmoidal
ciliary
central retinal
60
Q

name the arteries that form collateral circulation around the outside of the orbit

A 
supraorbital
supratrochlear
angular
infraorbital
transverse facial
superficial temporal
61
Q

Describe the path of venous drainage from the orbit

A

superior/inferior ophthalmic veins
drain into cavernous sinus posteriorly
drain into pterygoid plexus inferiorly

62
Q

what provides a pathway of the spread of infection from the face to the venous sinuses?

A

communication of angular (facial) vein and opthalmic veins

63
Q

What can be some consequences of blowout fractures

A

medial and inferior walls of orbit are very thin
Blow to the eye = contents of orbit (esp. periorbital fat) may enter sinuses
medial protrusion - ethmoid sinuses
inferior herniation - maxillary sinuses

Gross Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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