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Gross Anatomy Exam 4 > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

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1
Q

external ear

A

all of external ear up to tympanic membrane

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2
Q

middle ear

A

tympanic membrane - innter ear

opens to pharynx through pharyngotympanic tube

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3
Q

internal ear

A

has to do with hearing and balance

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4
Q

auricle

A

external ear
collects sound waves
skin and elastic cartilage
connected with fascia on side of skull via auricular muscles

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5
Q

helix

A

outside curl of ear

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6
Q

antihelix

A

second ear fold inside of helix

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7
Q

antitragus

A

bump of cartilage opposite of tragus

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8
Q

intertragic notch

A

notch between tragus and antitragus

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9
Q

sensation from the ear is carried by which nerves?

A

auriculotemporal

grat auricular

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10
Q

tympanic membrane

A

separates external acoustic meatus from middle ear cavity
fibrous membrane
- layer of skin on lateral side
- mucosa on medial side
concave w central depression (umbo - distal aspect of handle of malleus)
anchored to bone via fibrotartilaginous ring

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11
Q

umbo

A

depression in central tympanic membrane - distal aspecct of handle of malleus

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12
Q

general sensation from most of external auditory meatus and external surface of tympanic membrane is carried by which nerve?

A

auriculotemporal branch of mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)

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13
Q

which nerves carry sensation from a portion of the external surface of the tympanic membrane and inferior aspect of the external auditory meatus?

A

facial(VII) and vagus (X)

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14
Q

What may explain a gag reflex in some people?

A

branches of facial (VII) and vagus (X) carrying sensation from external surface of tympanic membrane and inferior aspect of external auditory meatus

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15
Q

what nerve inntervates the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

glossopharyngeal (IX)

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16
Q

name the walls of the tympanic cavity (middle ear)

A 
superior - tegmental
medial (promontory)
lateral (tympanic membrane)
inferior - jugular
anterior - carotid
posterior - mastoid
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17
Q

epitympanic recess

A

space caused by elevation in tegmental wall (superior) of tympanic cavity

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18
Q

promontory

A

convexity in medial wall of tympanic cavity caused by cochlear base

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19
Q

aditus

A

opening in mastoid wall (posterior) of tympanic cavity

leads to mastoid antrum

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20
Q

mastoid antrum

A

space posterior to tympanic cavity

communicates with mastoid air cells

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21
Q

oval (vestibular window)

A

in medial wall of tympanic cavity

covered by stapes

22
Q

round (cochlear) window

A

in medial wall of tympanic cavity

covered by membrane

23
Q

which nerve travels between malleus and incus

A

chorda tympani (facial VII)

24
Q

tympanic nerve

A

branch of glossopharyngeal (IX)
forms tympanic plexus
carried sensory info in middle ear
part of it travels through tympanic cavity as lesser petrosal nerve

25
Q

what are the purpose of the 2 openings in the anterior (carotid) wall of the typanic cavity

A

tensor tympani muscle

pharyngotympanic tube

26
Q

what is the function of the pharyngotympanic tube

A

equalize pressure in middle ear

27
Q

tensor tympani

A

attached to malleus
contract in response to loud sounds to protect ear from damage
N: mandibular trigeminal v3

28
Q

stapedius

A

attached to stapes
contract in response to lound sounds to protect ear from damage
N: facial VII

29
Q

what makes up the bony labyrinth of the inner ear

A

vestibule
semicircular canals
cochlea

30
Q

ampullae

A

bulges at base of semicircular canals

31
Q

endolymph

A

fluid inside membranous labyrinth

32
Q

perilymph

A

fluid between bony and membranous labyrinth

33
Q

utricle and saccule

A

membranous dilations inside the bony vestible
continuous with endolymphatic duct
each have specialized area of sensory epithelium = macula

34
Q

macula

A

in utricle/saccule
specialized area of sensory epithelium
contain hair cells embedded in gelatinous layer covered by layer of crystals = otoconia/otoliths

35
Q

otoconia/otoliths

A

calcium carbonate crystals in maculae
shift in position caused by moving head = hair cells stim to tell brain position of head
vestibular portion of vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

36
Q

crista ampullaris

A

sensory area within ampulla of semicircular canals

contains hair cells with cilia embedded in gelatinous strucure (cupula)

37
Q

what motion moves endolymph into anterior canal

A

nod

38
Q

what movement moves endolymph into lateral canal

A

shaking head no

39
Q

what movement moves endolymph into posterior canal

A

tilting head to side

40
Q

modiolus

A

bony core around which the cochlea turns

41
Q

apex of cochlea points

A

anterolaterally

42
Q

cochlear duct

A

scala media
membranous portion of cochlea concerned with hearing
center
filled with endolymph

43
Q

vestibular duct

A

scala vestibule

superior to chochlear duct

44
Q

tympanic duct

A

scala tympani

inferior to cochlear duct

45
Q

basilar membrane of ear

A

between cochlear duct and tympanic duct

spiral organ of Corti sits on here

46
Q

organ of corti

A

sits on basilar membrane

rows of hair cells with cilia in contact with tectorial membrane - attached to bony projectionof modiolus

47
Q

process of hearing

A
  • basilar membrane oscillates in response to waves in endolymph in cochlear duct
  • hair cells of organ of Corti move
  • hair cells push against rigid tectorial membrane (against bony modiolus) = deformation
  • deformation = relay info to brain via cochlear portion of vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
48
Q

spiral gangion

A

within modiolus

contain cell bodies of the primary afferent neurons of the spiral organ

49
Q

blood supply to bony labyrinth

A

anterior tympanic artery (maxillary)
stylomastiod (posterior auricular)
petrosal (middle meiningeal)

50
Q

blood supply to membranous labyrinth

A 
labyrinthine artery (anterior inferior cerebellar/basilar a )
travels thorugh internal auditory meatus with facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve)

Gross Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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