Nasal Cavity

Question 1

Which bones form the bony framework of the nose

Answer 1

nasal and maxillary bones

Question 2

Name the cartilages that make up the nose

Answer 2

Lateral nasal cartilage - top/lateral sides of nose
Septal cartilage - makes up septum
Alar cartilage - end of nose

Question 3

What makes up the septum of the nose?

Answer 3

septal cartilage - anteriorly
perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
vomer bone

Question 4

Which arteries bring blood to the nose?

Answer 4

Mainly facial and opthalmic arteries
Facial and transverse facial join
infraorbital artery (from maxillary)
External nasal (from anterior ethmoidal - from ophthalmic)
infratrochlear (fron ophthalmic)

Question 5

sensation from nose carried by which nerves?

Answer 5

infratrochlear (nasociliary - V1)
external nasal (anterior ethmoidal - nasociliary - V1)
infraorbital (v2)

Question 6

nares

Answer 6

nostrils

Question 7

choanae

Answer 7

passageways between nasal cavity and nasopharynx

Question 8

What lines most of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

respiratory epithelium to add warmth and moisture (vascular, glandular)
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 9

vestibule of nose

Answer 9

just inside nose

lined with skin

Question 10

What lines the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 10

olfactory epithelium - smell

Question 11

maxillary sinus

Answer 11

opens into middle meatus via similunar hiatus
roof = floor of orbit
roots of mx teeth project into floor
N: V2

Question 12

Frontal sinus

Answer 12

opens to middle meatus via semilunar hiatus
left and right usually asymmetrical
N: V1

Question 13

ethmoid air cells

Answer 13

3-18 in number
Anterior group drain into semilunar hiatus
Middle group drain into surface of ethmoid bulla
Posterior group drain into superior meatus
N: V1, V2
Infection can migrate into orbit

Question 14

Sphenoid sinus

Answer 14

In body of sphenoid bone, under floor of hypophyseal fossa (sella turcica)
Nearby structures: optic nerve, pituitary gland, cavernous sinus and internal carotid arteries
N: V1, V2

Question 15

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 15

lightens bones of face

adds resonance to voice

Question 16

conchae

Answer 16

on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
add surface area for mucosa
superior, middle, inferior

Question 17

what bones make up the conchae?

Answer 17

superior and middle - ethmoid bone

inferior conchae is a separate bone

Question 18

meatuses

Answer 18

grooves under nasal conchae

Question 19

inferior meatus

Answer 19

under inferior concha
Receives secretions (tears) from surface of eye through nasolacrimal duct

Question 20

middle meatus

Answer 20

ethmoid bulla - middle ethmoid air cells

semilunar hiatus - groove anterior to bulla - frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and anterior ethmoid air cells

Question 21

superior meatus

Answer 21

openings for posterior ethmoid air cells

Question 22

sphenoethmoidal recess

Answer 22

posterior to superior concha

openings for sphenoid sinus

Question 23

nasopharynx

Answer 23

region of pharynx just posterior to nasal cavity

Question 24

pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube

Answer 24

communication between middle ear (tympanic) cavity and nasopharynx

Question 25

torus tubarius

Answer 25

elevation formed by cartilaginous end of phayngotympanic tube

Question 26

pharyngeal tonsil

Answer 26

lymphoid tissue in posterior wall of nasypharynx

Question 27

pharyngeal recess

Answer 27

groove between salpingopharyngeal fold and posterior wall of nasopharynx

Question 28

which is the only meatus that doesn't get secretions from the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 28

inferior meatus | only has opening for nasolacrimal duct

Question 29

levator veli palatini

Answer 29

cartilage of phayngotympanic tube - palatine aponeurosis A: elevates soft palate during swallowing N: vagus (X)

Question 30

tensor veli palatini

Answer 30

medial pterygoid plate/sphenoid spine/auditory tube - soft palate Tendon loops around pterygoid hamulus of medial pterygoid plate A: tenses soft palate during swallowing N: mandibular of trigeminal (v3)

Question 31

salpingopharyngeus

Answer 31

forms salpingopharyngeal fold posterior aspect of the cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube - blends with palatopharyngeus A: elevates pharynx during swallowing N: vagus (X)

Question 32

pterygomaxillary fissure

Answer 32

region between pterygoid process and maxillary bone

Question 33

pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 33

small cavity between pterygoid process and palatine bone | deep to pterygomaxillary fissure

Question 34

sphenopalatine foramen

Answer 34

deep to pterygopalatine fossa | opening that leads to nasal cavity

Question 35

descending palatine artery

Answer 35

branch off of maxillary artery passes trhough pterygomaxillary fissure, enters pterygopalatine fossa descends to the roof of the oral cavity

Question 36

sphenopalatine artery

Answer 36

branch off of maxillaray artery travels through pterygomaxillary fissure - pterygopalatine fossa - sphenopalatine foramen branches into posterior lateral nasal and posterior septal arteries

Question 37

posterior nasal arteries

Answer 37

branch off of sphenopalatine | supplies lateral nasal wall

Question 38

posterior septal artery

Answer 38

branch off of sphenopalatine artery supplies nasal septum goes to incisive canal - joins palatine arteries

Question 39

how does the opthalmic artery supply blood to the nasal cavity

Answer 39

via anterior ethmoidal artery | branches into anterior lateral nasal and anterior septal

Question 40

how does the facial artery supply blood to the nasal cavity

Answer 40

via superior labial artery | supplies vestibule

Question 41

Kiesselbach area

Answer 41

anastomotic arterial plexus in anterior part of nasal septum

Question 42

How do parasympathetics get to the nasal mucosa?

Answer 42

Come from facial (VII) presynaptic fibers travel with greater pertrosal nerve (branches off facial in middle cranial fossa) Synapse at pterygopalatine ganglion (pterygopalatine fossa) post-ganglionic fibers distributed via posterior lateral nasal and nasopalatine nerves

Question 43

how to sympathetics get to the nasal mucosa?

Answer 43

originate from carotid plexus form deep petrosal nerve join parasympathetics of greater petrosal nerve = nerve of the pterygoid canal (Vidian nerve) distributed vvia posterior lateral nasal and nasopalatine nerves (just like parasympathetics)

Question 44

how are sympathetics and parasympathetics delivered to the mucosa of the oral palate

Answer 44

palatine nerves

Question 45

general sensation from the nasal cavity is carried mainly by?

Answer 45

maxillary division of trigeminal ( | V2)

Question 46

how do general sensory fibers get from the nasal cavity back to V2?

Answer 46

sensory fibers run within posterior lateral nasal and nasopalatine nerves join with V2 in roof of pterygopalatine fossa

Question 47

which nerve is responsible for sensation from the anterior aspect of the nasal cavity

Answer 47

opthalmic division of trigeminal (v1)