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Gross Anatomy Exam 4 > Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Which bones form the bony framework of the nose

A

nasal and maxillary bones

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2
Q

Name the cartilages that make up the nose

A

Lateral nasal cartilage - top/lateral sides of nose
Septal cartilage - makes up septum
Alar cartilage - end of nose

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3
Q

What makes up the septum of the nose?

A

septal cartilage - anteriorly
perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
vomer bone

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4
Q

Which arteries bring blood to the nose?

A 
Mainly facial and opthalmic arteries
Facial and transverse facial join
infraorbital artery (from maxillary)
External nasal (from anterior ethmoidal - from ophthalmic)
infratrochlear (fron ophthalmic)
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5
Q

sensation from nose carried by which nerves?

A

infratrochlear (nasociliary - V1)
external nasal (anterior ethmoidal - nasociliary - V1)
infraorbital (v2)

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6
Q

nares

A

nostrils

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7
Q

choanae

A

passageways between nasal cavity and nasopharynx

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8
Q

What lines most of the nasal cavity?

A

respiratory epithelium to add warmth and moisture (vascular, glandular)
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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9
Q

vestibule of nose

A

just inside nose

lined with skin

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10
Q

What lines the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

olfactory epithelium - smell

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11
Q

maxillary sinus

A

opens into middle meatus via similunar hiatus
roof = floor of orbit
roots of mx teeth project into floor
N: V2

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12
Q

Frontal sinus

A

opens to middle meatus via semilunar hiatus
left and right usually asymmetrical
N: V1

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13
Q

ethmoid air cells

A

3-18 in number
Anterior group drain into semilunar hiatus
Middle group drain into surface of ethmoid bulla
Posterior group drain into superior meatus
N: V1, V2
Infection can migrate into orbit

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14
Q

Sphenoid sinus

A

In body of sphenoid bone, under floor of hypophyseal fossa (sella turcica)
Nearby structures: optic nerve, pituitary gland, cavernous sinus and internal carotid arteries
N: V1, V2

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15
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A

lightens bones of face

adds resonance to voice

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16
Q

conchae

A

on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
add surface area for mucosa
superior, middle, inferior

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17
Q

what bones make up the conchae?

A

superior and middle - ethmoid bone

inferior conchae is a separate bone

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18
Q

meatuses

A

grooves under nasal conchae

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19
Q

inferior meatus

A 
under inferior concha
Receives secretions (tears) from surface of eye through nasolacrimal duct
20
Q

middle meatus

A

ethmoid bulla - middle ethmoid air cells

semilunar hiatus - groove anterior to bulla - frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and anterior ethmoid air cells

21
Q

superior meatus

A

openings for posterior ethmoid air cells

22
Q

sphenoethmoidal recess

A

posterior to superior concha

openings for sphenoid sinus

23
Q

nasopharynx

A

region of pharynx just posterior to nasal cavity

24
Q

pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube

A

communication between middle ear (tympanic) cavity and nasopharynx

25
Q

torus tubarius

A

elevation formed by cartilaginous end of phayngotympanic tube

26
Q

pharyngeal tonsil

A

lymphoid tissue in posterior wall of nasypharynx

27
Q

pharyngeal recess

A

groove between salpingopharyngeal fold and posterior wall of nasopharynx

28
Q

which is the only meatus that doesn’t get secretions from the paranasal sinuses?

A

inferior meatus

only has opening for nasolacrimal duct

29
Q

levator veli palatini

A

cartilage of phayngotympanic tube - palatine aponeurosis
A: elevates soft palate during swallowing
N: vagus (X)

30
Q

tensor veli palatini

A

medial pterygoid plate/sphenoid spine/auditory tube - soft palate
Tendon loops around pterygoid hamulus of medial pterygoid plate
A: tenses soft palate during swallowing
N: mandibular of trigeminal (v3)

31
Q

salpingopharyngeus

A

forms salpingopharyngeal fold
posterior aspect of the cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube - blends with palatopharyngeus
A: elevates pharynx during swallowing
N: vagus (X)

32
Q

pterygomaxillary fissure

A

region between pterygoid process and maxillary bone

33
Q

pterygopalatine fossa

A

small cavity between pterygoid process and palatine bone

deep to pterygomaxillary fissure

34
Q

sphenopalatine foramen

A

deep to pterygopalatine fossa

opening that leads to nasal cavity

35
Q

descending palatine artery

A

branch off of maxillary artery
passes trhough pterygomaxillary fissure, enters pterygopalatine fossa
descends to the roof of the oral cavity

36
Q

sphenopalatine artery

A

branch off of maxillaray artery
travels through pterygomaxillary fissure - pterygopalatine fossa - sphenopalatine foramen
branches into posterior lateral nasal and posterior septal arteries

37
Q

posterior nasal arteries

A

branch off of sphenopalatine

supplies lateral nasal wall

38
Q

posterior septal artery

A

branch off of sphenopalatine artery
supplies nasal septum
goes to incisive canal - joins palatine arteries

39
Q

how does the opthalmic artery supply blood to the nasal cavity

A

via anterior ethmoidal artery

branches into anterior lateral nasal and anterior septal

40
Q

how does the facial artery supply blood to the nasal cavity

A

via superior labial artery

supplies vestibule

41
Q

Kiesselbach area

A

anastomotic arterial plexus in anterior part of nasal septum

42
Q

How do parasympathetics get to the nasal mucosa?

A

Come from facial (VII)
presynaptic fibers travel with greater pertrosal nerve (branches off facial in middle cranial fossa)
Synapse at pterygopalatine ganglion (pterygopalatine fossa)
post-ganglionic fibers distributed via posterior lateral nasal and nasopalatine nerves

43
Q

how to sympathetics get to the nasal mucosa?

A

originate from carotid plexus
form deep petrosal nerve
join parasympathetics of greater petrosal nerve = nerve of the pterygoid canal (Vidian nerve)
distributed vvia posterior lateral nasal and nasopalatine nerves (just like parasympathetics)

44
Q

how are sympathetics and parasympathetics delivered to the mucosa of the oral palate

A

palatine nerves

45
Q

general sensation from the nasal cavity is carried mainly by?

A

maxillary division of trigeminal (

V2)

46
Q

how do general sensory fibers get from the nasal cavity back to V2?

A

sensory fibers run within posterior lateral nasal and nasopalatine nerves
join with V2 in roof of pterygopalatine fossa

47
Q

which nerve is responsible for sensation from the anterior aspect of the nasal cavity

A

opthalmic division of trigeminal (v1)

Gross Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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