Larynx and Pharynx Flashcards
laryngeal prominence
adams apple
fusion of two plates of thyroid cartilage
thyroid notch
v shaped notch in thyroid cartilage
divergence of lamina
thyrohyoid membrane
attached thyroid cartilage to hyoid
epiglottis
leaf shaped cartilage behind thyroid cartilage
folds over laryngeal inlet when larynx elevated during swallowing
thyroepiglottic ligament
attachment of inferior end of epiglottis to thyroid
behind thyroid notch
cricoid cartilage
complete ring of cartilage inferior to thyroid cartilage
most inferior of laryngeal cartilages
medial/lateral cricothyroid ligaments
between thyroid and cricoid cartilages
anterior/posterior tilting of thyroid c. = change tension of vocal folds
arytenoid cartilages
two pyramid shaped cartilages that rest on posterior cricoid cartilages
apex, muscular process, vocal process
corniculate cartilages
sit atop apices of arytenoid cartilages
? function - help support aryepiglottic folds during swallowing
conus elasticus
membrane from superior-lateral border of cricoid cartilage - arytenoid cartilages
free edges - vocal ligaments
cricoarytenoid joints
between cricoid and arytenoid c.
allow movements of arytenoid c
- anterior/posterior tilting = change tension on vocal folds
- adduction/abduction of vocal folds
- medial/lateral rotation = adduction/abduction
false vocal folds
vestibular folds
not involved in sound production
superior
true vocal folds
inferior
ventricular folds
sound
laryngeal vestibule
area of larynx above false folds
laryngeal ventricle
space between false and true vocal folds
rima flottidis
opening between vocal folds
glottis
vocal folds
rima glottidis
narrow part of larynx at level of vocal folds
lateral cricoarytenoids
lateral cricoid c - muscular process of arytenoids
A: adduct vocal folds
arytenoid muscle
transverse and oblique fibers
between arytenoids
Adduct vocal folds
posterior cricoarytenoids
posterior cricoid c - muscular process of arytenoids
abduct vocal folds
cricothyroid muscles
anterolateral cricoid c - inferior/interior thyroid c
tilt thyroid c forward
tense vocal folds
thyroarytenoids
internal surface anterior thyroid c - arytenoid c
draw arytenoids anteriorly
relax vocal folds
vocalis muscle
along sides of vocal ligaments between thyroid and arytenoid cs
relaxes tension on posterior vocal ligaments while maintianing tension anteriorly
What arteries mainly bring blood to the larynx
superior/inferior laryngeal arteries
branches of superior and inferior thyroid arteries
superior laryngeal artery
travels through thyrohyoid membrane
runs with internal laryngeal nerve
superior laryngeal nerve
branch of vagus (x)
splits into internal and external laryngeal nerves high in neck
internal laryngeal nerve
branch off of superior laryngeal (vagus x)
enters larynx through thyrohyoid membrane (with superior laryngeal a)
sensory info above vocal folds
external laryngeal nerve
goes directly to cricothyroid muscle
Innervates cricothyroid, inferior pharyngeal constrictor
recurrent laryngeal nerves
branches of vagus x
Right - loop around subclavian a
Left - loop around aorta
dive deep to inferior pharyngeal constrictors
once in larynx = inferior laryngeal nerves
innervate all muscles of larynx (ex. cricothyroid)
Sensory of larynx below vocal folds
medial glossoepiglottic fold
connection between base of tongue and epiglottis
vallecula
space between tongue and epiglottis
piriform recess
depressions lateral to aryepiglottic folds
pharynx
extends from cranial base to inferior border to cricoid cartilage/C6
3 parts of pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
nasopharynx
respiratory fxn
pharyngeal tonsil
tubal tonsil - lymphoid tissue in submucosa of torus tubarius
salpingopharyngeus
torus tubarius - pharynx
A: raise pharynx with swallowing
N: vagus x
waldeyer’s ring
ring of lymphoid tissue surrounding entrance to pharynx
deglutition
swallowing
combination of voluntary and involuntary muscular contractions to move bolus of food
swallowing stage 1
voluntary
bolus compressed against palate
pushed from mouth to oropharynx
muscles of tongue and soft palate
stage 2 swallowing
involuntary
rapid
soft palate elevated - closing off nasopharynx
pharynx widens and shortens
suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract = larynx elevated
stage 3 swallowing
involuntary
sequential contraction of all 3 pharyngeal constrictors
food moves to esophagus
superior pharyngeal constrictor
O: pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, posterior mylohyoid lline, side of tongue
I: pharyngeal tubercle (occipital bone), pharyngeal raphe
middle pharyngeal constrictor
O: stylohyoid ligament, hyoid
I: pharyngeal raphe
inferior pharyngeal constrictor
O: oblique line of thyroid c, side of cricoid c
I: pharyngeal raphe
what innervates pharyngeal constrictors
vagus
palatopharyngeus
O: hard palate, palatine aponeurosis
I: posterior lamina thyroid c, side of pharynx
A: elevation of pharynx during swallowing
N: vagus x
salpingopharyngeus
O: pharyngotympanic tube
I: blends with palatopharyngeus
A: elevation of pharynx during swallowing
N: vagus x
stylopharyngeus
O: styloid process
I: thyroid cartilage, blends with palatopharyngeus
A: elevation of pharynx during swallowing
N: glossopharyngeal IX
