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Gross Anatomy Exam 4 > Larynx and Pharynx > Flashcards

Larynx and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

laryngeal prominence

A

adams apple

fusion of two plates of thyroid cartilage

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2
Q

thyroid notch

A

v shaped notch in thyroid cartilage

divergence of lamina

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3
Q

thyrohyoid membrane

A

attached thyroid cartilage to hyoid

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4
Q

epiglottis

A

leaf shaped cartilage behind thyroid cartilage

folds over laryngeal inlet when larynx elevated during swallowing

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5
Q

thyroepiglottic ligament

A

attachment of inferior end of epiglottis to thyroid

behind thyroid notch

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6
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

complete ring of cartilage inferior to thyroid cartilage

most inferior of laryngeal cartilages

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7
Q

medial/lateral cricothyroid ligaments

A

between thyroid and cricoid cartilages

anterior/posterior tilting of thyroid c. = change tension of vocal folds

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8
Q

arytenoid cartilages

A

two pyramid shaped cartilages that rest on posterior cricoid cartilages
apex, muscular process, vocal process

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9
Q

corniculate cartilages

A

sit atop apices of arytenoid cartilages

? function - help support aryepiglottic folds during swallowing

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10
Q

conus elasticus

A

membrane from superior-lateral border of cricoid cartilage - arytenoid cartilages
free edges - vocal ligaments

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11
Q

cricoarytenoid joints

A

between cricoid and arytenoid c.
allow movements of arytenoid c
- anterior/posterior tilting = change tension on vocal folds
- adduction/abduction of vocal folds
- medial/lateral rotation = adduction/abduction

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12
Q

false vocal folds

A

vestibular folds
not involved in sound production
superior

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13
Q

true vocal folds

A

inferior
ventricular folds
sound

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14
Q

laryngeal vestibule

A

area of larynx above false folds

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15
Q

laryngeal ventricle

A

space between false and true vocal folds

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16
Q

rima flottidis

A

opening between vocal folds

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17
Q

glottis

A

vocal folds
rima glottidis
narrow part of larynx at level of vocal folds

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18
Q

lateral cricoarytenoids

A

lateral cricoid c - muscular process of arytenoids

A: adduct vocal folds

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19
Q

arytenoid muscle

A

transverse and oblique fibers
between arytenoids
Adduct vocal folds

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20
Q

posterior cricoarytenoids

A

posterior cricoid c - muscular process of arytenoids

abduct vocal folds

21
Q

cricothyroid muscles

A

anterolateral cricoid c - inferior/interior thyroid c
tilt thyroid c forward
tense vocal folds

22
Q

thyroarytenoids

A

internal surface anterior thyroid c - arytenoid c
draw arytenoids anteriorly
relax vocal folds

23
Q

vocalis muscle

A

along sides of vocal ligaments between thyroid and arytenoid cs
relaxes tension on posterior vocal ligaments while maintianing tension anteriorly

24
Q

What arteries mainly bring blood to the larynx

A

superior/inferior laryngeal arteries

branches of superior and inferior thyroid arteries

25
Q

superior laryngeal artery

A

travels through thyrohyoid membrane

runs with internal laryngeal nerve

26
Q

superior laryngeal nerve

A

branch of vagus (x)

splits into internal and external laryngeal nerves high in neck

27
Q

internal laryngeal nerve

A

branch off of superior laryngeal (vagus x)
enters larynx through thyrohyoid membrane (with superior laryngeal a)
sensory info above vocal folds

28
Q

external laryngeal nerve

A

goes directly to cricothyroid muscle

Innervates cricothyroid, inferior pharyngeal constrictor

29
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerves

A

branches of vagus x
Right - loop around subclavian a
Left - loop around aorta
dive deep to inferior pharyngeal constrictors
once in larynx = inferior laryngeal nerves
innervate all muscles of larynx (ex. cricothyroid)
Sensory of larynx below vocal folds

30
Q

medial glossoepiglottic fold

A

connection between base of tongue and epiglottis

31
Q

vallecula

A

space between tongue and epiglottis

32
Q

piriform recess

A

depressions lateral to aryepiglottic folds

33
Q

pharynx

A

extends from cranial base to inferior border to cricoid cartilage/C6

34
Q

3 parts of pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

35
Q

nasopharynx

A

respiratory fxn
pharyngeal tonsil
tubal tonsil - lymphoid tissue in submucosa of torus tubarius

36
Q

salpingopharyngeus

A

torus tubarius - pharynx
A: raise pharynx with swallowing
N: vagus x

37
Q

waldeyer’s ring

A

ring of lymphoid tissue surrounding entrance to pharynx

38
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

combination of voluntary and involuntary muscular contractions to move bolus of food

39
Q

swallowing stage 1

A

voluntary
bolus compressed against palate
pushed from mouth to oropharynx
muscles of tongue and soft palate

40
Q

stage 2 swallowing

A

involuntary
rapid
soft palate elevated - closing off nasopharynx
pharynx widens and shortens
suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract = larynx elevated

41
Q

stage 3 swallowing

A

involuntary
sequential contraction of all 3 pharyngeal constrictors
food moves to esophagus

42
Q

superior pharyngeal constrictor

A

O: pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, posterior mylohyoid lline, side of tongue
I: pharyngeal tubercle (occipital bone), pharyngeal raphe

43
Q

middle pharyngeal constrictor

A

O: stylohyoid ligament, hyoid
I: pharyngeal raphe

44
Q

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

A

O: oblique line of thyroid c, side of cricoid c
I: pharyngeal raphe

45
Q

what innervates pharyngeal constrictors

A

vagus

46
Q

palatopharyngeus

A

O: hard palate, palatine aponeurosis
I: posterior lamina thyroid c, side of pharynx
A: elevation of pharynx during swallowing
N: vagus x

47
Q

salpingopharyngeus

A

O: pharyngotympanic tube
I: blends with palatopharyngeus
A: elevation of pharynx during swallowing
N: vagus x

48
Q

stylopharyngeus

A

O: styloid process
I: thyroid cartilage, blends with palatopharyngeus
A: elevation of pharynx during swallowing
N: glossopharyngeal IX

Gross Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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