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Gross Anatomy Exam 4 > Cranial Contents > Flashcards

Cranial Contents Flashcards

1
Q

Cavernous sinuses

A

On either side of the sella turcica (sphenoid)
Gets blood from ophthalmic veins, superficial middle cerebral vein, sphenopareital sinus
Communicate with eachother via intercavernous sinuses
Drain posteriorly into the superior/inferior petrosal sinuses
Structures that run through sinus: internal carotid artery, oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of trigeminal nerve, abducens nerve

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2
Q

How does the middle menangial artery enter the skull?

A

Foramen spinosum

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3
Q

What is the primary artery of the dura mater?

A

Middle menangial artery

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4
Q

How does CSF leave the ventricles and enter the blood stream?

A

Leaves through apertures in the 4th ventricle (near brainstem/cerebellum) into the subarachnoid space
It then enters superior sagittal sinus via arachnoid villi

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5
Q

What structures run through the center of the cavernous sinuses?

A

Internal carotid artery

Abducens (CN VI)

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6
Q

Emissary veins

A

Veins connecting diploic veins to the superior sagittal sinus

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7
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

Aka menangial artery tear
Caused by fracture in skull = tear in menangial artery
Leads to bleeding of arterial blood between dura mater and skull

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8
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Double layer of meningial dura
In the longitudinal fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres
Extends from crista galli (ethmoid) - internal occipital protuberance (occipital)
Reduces side to side movement of the brain

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9
Q

What are the pathways for venous drainage from the scalp?

A

Can directly drain into internal/external jugular veins
OR
Drain into diploic veins - emissary veins - superior sagittal sinus

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10
Q

Tentorial notch

A

Hold in tentorium cerebelli through which the brainstem travels

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11
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Aka cerebral vein tear

Venous blood collects between dura and arachnoid mater

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12
Q

Which part of the brain sites in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobes

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13
Q

Superior petrosal sinuses

A

Drain blood from cavernous sinuses - transverse sinuses (as they become the sigmoid sinuses)
At crest of petrous part of temporal bone

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14
Q

Tentorum cerebelli

A

Separates occipital lobes of cerebrum from the cerebellum
Attached to pterous portion of temporal bone - anterior clinoid processes (sphenoid)
Tentorial notch: hole through which brainstem travels
Supports posterior cerebrum so it doesn’t compress cerebellum

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15
Q

Which artery can be torn when there is a fracture at the pterion?

A

Middle menangial artery

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16
Q

Sigmoid sinuses

A

S shaped
Run in posterior cranial fossae (grooves)
Gets blood from transverse sinuses to jugular foramen - internal jugular vein

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17
Q

Which layer of the dura mater is considered to be the “true dura”?

A

Meningeal dura mater

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18
Q

Circle of Willis

A 
Circular anastomotic communication of the arteries at the base of the brain
Contributing arteries:
- Basilar
- posterior cerebral
- posterior communicating
- internal carotid
- middle cerebral
- anterior cerebral
- anterior communicating
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19
Q

What is the significance of blood from the scalp being able to drain into diploic veins?

A

Infections on the scalp can enter brain through venous drainage pattern
Scalp - diploic veins - emissary veins - superior sagittal sinus

20
Q

Sphenopareital sinus

A

In edge of lesser wing of sphenoid

Drains into cavernous sinuses

21
Q

Straight sinus

A

Between falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli
Receives blood from inferior sagittal sinus, great cerebral vein
Drains into confluence of sinuses

22
Q

Which nerves relay sensory information from the meninges?

A

All divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

C2, C3

23
Q

Meningeal layer that forms septae

A

Meningeal dura mater

24
Q

Inferior sagittal sinus

A

Along inferior edge of falx cerebri

Joins with great cerebral vein (of Galen) to empty into straight sinus

25
Q

Where is CSF in the brain?

A

Subarachnoid space

26
Q

Confluence of sinuses

A

Receives blood from superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus

Drains into transverse sinuses on either side

27
Q

Which part of the brain sits in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Crerebellum

28
Q

What structures run through the lateral walls of the cavernous sinuses? (From superior to inferior)

A

Oculomotor (CN III)
Trochlear (IV)
Opthalmic divison of trigeminal (V1)
Maxillary division of trigeminal (V2)

29
Q

Meningeal layer attached to internal periosteum (endocranium)

A

Periosteal dura mater

30
Q

Which part of the brain sits in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal lobes

31
Q

Great cerebral vein (of Galen)

A

True vein - drains blood from deep brain - straight sinus

32
Q

Superior sagittal sinus

A

Runs longitudinally along midline of skull
Receives blood from cerebral veins
Flows anterior-posterior - confluence of sinuses
Also receives CSF from subarachnoid space via arachnoid villi

33
Q

Diploic veins

A

Veins within the flat bones of the skull

Drain into superior sagittal sinus via emissary veins

34
Q

Symptoms of tumors of the pituitary gland

A

Can cause diaphragma sellae to bulge superiorly and press on optic chiasma, causing visual symptoms as well as endocrine symptoms

35
Q

What forms the blood-brain barrier

A

Brain capillaries - continuous basement membrane, tight junctions
Astrocytes - perivascular feet

36
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Aka cerebral artery rupture
Arterial blood collects in subarachnoid space
Aneurysm, CVA

37
Q

Inferior petrosal sinuses

A

Drain blood from cavernous sinuses to jugular foramen

Run posteriorly and laterally in groove between petrous portion of temporal bone and basiliar portion of occipital bone

38
Q

Where is CSF made?

A

Ventricles of the brain

Product of blood plasma - continuously made

39
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

Partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres

40
Q

Diaphragma sellae

A

Horizontal sheet of dura over pituitary gland in sella turcica (sphenoid)
Encircles stalk of pituitary

41
Q

Attachment of dura mater to bones of the floor of the cranium is ______ than it’s attachment to the calvaria

A

Stronger

42
Q

Superficial middle cerebral vein

A

In lateral fissure of the cerebral hemispheres

Drains into sphenoparietal sinus (then cavernous sinuses)

43
Q

How can headaches be caused by the meninges?

A

Deformation of the dura mater from distention of the menangial arteries
Changes in pressure of subarachnoid space (lumbar puncture)

44
Q

Arachnoid villi

A

Projections of the arachnoid mater into the superior sagittal space
CSF travels into bloodstream through these

45
Q

Transverse sinuses

A

Carries blood laterally from the confluence of sinuses - sigmoid sinuses

Gross Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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