Orbite Flashcards

1
Q

What is Virchow’s law while talking about craniosynostosis ?

A

Premature suture closure prevents perpendicular growth butallows parallel growth

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2
Q

Comment se nomme la déformation du crâne qui résultent de la synotstose des sutures coronales, lamboïdales et sagittales ?

A

Kleeblattschadel

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3
Q

Transmission et gène souvent impliqué dans les syndromes associés aux craniosynostose ?

A

AD
Gène FGFRs ou TWIST

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4
Q

Qu’est-ce qui distingue le syndrome de Crouzon des autres syndromes ?

A

Absence d’anomalies des mains et des pieds

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5
Q

Qu’est-ce qui distingue le syndrome de Apert des autres syndromes ?

A

Syndactylie sévère : mitten deformity
Malformations des organes internes : cardiovasculaire et génitourinaire, DI

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6
Q

Qu’est-ce qui distingue le syndrome de Pfeiffer des autres syndromes ?

A

Craniosynostose plus sévères = cloverleaf skull
Syndactylie moins sévère que Apert : pouces et orteils courts et larges

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7
Q

Pattern de strabisme le plus fréquemment associé aux craniosynostoses ? Il survient surtout avec quelles synostoses ?

A

V pattern (95%)
Surtout chez les patients avec fusion d’une ou des 2 sutures coronales

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8
Q

Quelles sont les 2 trouvailles oculaires classiques du syndrome de Goldenhar ?

A

Epibulbar (limbals) dermoids : plus fréquent, peuvent être bilat
Dermolipomas : quandrant temporal, recouvert de la conjonctive, souvent caché par les paupières

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9
Q

Transmission et gène du syndrome de Treacher Collins ?

A

AD, TCOF1

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10
Q

Trouvailles oculaire dans le syndrome de Treacher Collins ?

A

Depressed lateral orbital rims and palpebral fissure slant downward
Pseudocolobomas of the outer third of the lower eyelids (qui peut amener une absence de cils et de glande de Meibomian)

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11
Q

Pierre Robin sequence : caractéristiques et syndrome souvent associé

A

Micrognatie, glossoptose, cleft palate
Souvent présent dans le syndrome de Stickler
Autres AN oculaire : retinal detachment, microphthalmia, congenital glaucoma, cataracts, and high myopia.

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12
Q

Transmission of infantile malignant osteopetrosis

A

AR

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13
Q

AN oculaire et systémique dans le syndrome alcolo foetal

A

Oculaire : short palpebral fissures, telecanthus, epicanthus, ptosis, microphthalmia, and esotropia
Systémique : prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, central nervous system and craniofacial abnormalities, and intellectual disability.

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14
Q

Atteintes sytémiques associées au branchial arches syndromes ?

A

○ Patients with OAVS may have vertebral abnormalities such as hemivertebrae and vertebral hypoplasia.
○ They may also have neurologic, cardiovascular, and genitourinary abnormalities.
(oculoauriculovertebral spectrum)

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15
Q

Cause d’une overaction en add dans les craniosynostoses

A
  • Orbital and globe extorsion, which converts the medial rectus muscle into an elevator when the eye is in adduction
  • Superior oblique trochlear retrusion (because of superior orbital rim retrusion), which induces superior oblique underaction and secondary true inferior oblique overaction;
  • Anomalous extraocular muscle insertions or agenesis; or orbital pulley abnormalities
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16
Q

An des annexes orbitaires dans les craniosynostoses

A

Orbital hypertelorism, telecanthus, abnormal slant of the palpebral fissures secondary to superior displacement of the medial canthi, ptosis, and nasolacrimal abnormalities.

17
Q

Causes d’épiphora dans les craniosynostoses

A

nasolacrimal duct obstruction, poor blink secondary to proptosis, obliquity of the palpebral fissures, or ocular irritation from corneal exposure

18
Q

Causes d’atteinte du NO dans les craniosynostoses

A
  • Optic nerve function may deteriorate in patients with chronically elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), which may result from hydrocephalus or be caused by crowding of the intracranial contents due to synostosis.
  • In patients with midfacial retrusion, sleep apnea may develop and can cause idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
  • In rare cases, optic nerve damage can occur secondary to compression stemming from synostosis of the optic foramina