Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Junior Opthamology > Orbital Tumors > Flashcards

Orbital Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Bony orbit

2 bony orbits are quadrangular truncated pyramids located between the _______________ superiorly and the ______________ inferiorly (_______-shaped & ________ is the stalk 25)

A

anterior cranial fossa

maxillary sinuses

Pear; Optic N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bony orbit

2 medial walls are _______ to each other & are closely related to the ________ and ________ sinuses that separate the orbits from the nasal cavities

2 lateral walls are _______ to each other & each medial wall is _______ from the corresponding lateral wall.

A

parallel ; ethmoid; sphenoid

90°

45°

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Some causes of oculo-orbital tumours Ocular tumours
_____________
________________
__________ tumours

Orbital tumours
_______________
___________ tumours
____________
______________

A

Retinoblastoma; Choroidal melanoma

Metastatic; Rhabdomyosarcoma

Lacrimal gland

Optic nerve glioma
Optic nerve meningioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RETINOBLASTOMA

Average age at diagnosis in other clime ________ with bilateral cases seen earlier at _______ compare to ________ in unilateral patients.

90% cases are diagnosed within __________.

A

18 months

12 months

24 months

3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Retinoblastoma

Clinical diagnosis in four stages:-
___________ stage
___________ ___________ stage
___________ ___________ stage
___________ ___________ stage.

A

quiet stage
secondary glaucoma stage
extraocular extension stage
systemic metastases stage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma :-

__________ (metastatic endophthalmitis)
___________ of ___________
persistent hyperplastic vitreous
__________
retinal astrocytoma
_______’ disease
__________ of the disc
__________________
Norrie’s disease.

A

viterous abscess
retinopathy of prematurity

toxocariasis
Coats

coloboma
Congenital cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

‘Antioncogenes’ or ‘cancer suppressor’ 13q14.

Deletion of the ______ arm of chromosome 13 leads to retinoblastoma in about ____%

A

long

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Retinoblastoma

Modalities of treatment :- _________,__________,_____________ , exenteration, ___________,_________ , genetic counselling

A

enucleation, cryotheraphy, laser photocoagulation

radiotherapy, chemotheraphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Uveal melanoma
It relatively uncommon in the __________ race.
Incidence is 6 cases per million population in USA, Canada, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Alberta.

A

Negroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_________ is the Most common primary intraocular tumours in adults in the USA & Europe.

A

Uveal melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Uveal melanoma

Risk factors:
a) Race: 90% of all eye cancers in _________ are ocular melanomas. ________ have lower incidence than ________ (White: Black - ___:__)

b) Commonly seen in the _____ decade. It is very rare below ____ years with median age at diagnosis of ____ years.

c) slight (male or female?) preponderance

A

Whites

American Blacks ; white

8:1

6th; 20; 55; male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Uveal melanoma

Symptoms include _______ vision, ______ defects, ________, photopsia & _______.

A

blurred ; field

floaters

Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Uveal Melanoma

Clinical picture: A)_____________ in colour, _________ (25%), small posterior uveal - slightly raised, ______ or ______ shape (most challenging diagnostic group).

B) Larger tumour (solid mass:– ______ or _______ -shaped (ruptured __________) / Flat, diffuse (rare variant) –____ melanoma (worse prognosis).______ tumours (poorer prognosis)

C) Advanced stages : extraocular extension, optic nerve invasion, glaucoma, uveitis, phthisis bulbi, orbital invasion & metastasis.

A

Light to medium grey

amelanocytic; round or oval

dome or mushroom

Bruch’s membrane; ring; Ciliary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Uveal melanoma

Diagnosis: _______ , ______________ Angiography, ________ , _______________ test, transillumination.

A

Clinical

Fundus Fluourescein

Ultrasound; 32P radiouptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Modes of spread of uveal melanoma

________ vein
_______________ canals
_________ infiltration
________ and ________ invasion
Melanocytic _______

A

Vortex; Scleral emissary

Vitreous

Optic nerve & orbital

glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment modalities of uveal melanoma

___________
______________
_______________
Local __________
___________
Exentenration
Chemotherapy/immunotherapy

A

Photocoagulation

Brachytherapy; EBR

resection; Enucleation

17
Q

Sites of metastasis of uveal melanoma
_______ 56%
_______________ 24%
_________ 7%
___________ 7%
________ 2%

Median survival: ________

A

Liver

Subcutaneous nodules

Pulmonary; Vertebral; CNS

18 months

18
Q

Metastatic tumors

Important group of oculo-orbital space occupying lesions due to spread from other parts of the body settling more commonly to the _________ 8-9 times than to the _______.

A

uveal tract; orbit

19
Q

Metastatic Tumors
30-61% of patients with orbital metastasis develop __________ prior to the diagnosis of the ______________.

Such __________ malignancies of embryonal origins like neuroblastoma, sarcoma, Ewing’s bone tumour, nephroblastoma can metastastise to the orbit

A

eye symptoms

primary tumours

childhood

20
Q

Metastatic Tumors

Orbital metastatic tumours in adult are carcinomas of _______ origin from the _______ (50%), ________ (17%), _______, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, thyroid & urinary bladder in order of importance.

Non-epithelial tumours like neuroblastoma, sarcoma, choroidal melanoma of the contralateral eye and melanoma of the skin and conjunctiva have been implicated.

A

epithelial; breast; prostate

lung

21
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma (Embryonal sarcoma)

It is a ______ growing tumour presenting as (slowly or rapidly?) progressive _____lateral _________ seen usually in the _____ decade of life with median age of _____ years.

It originates from ___________________________ with the potential to develop into ____________ . They do not arise from ______________ as the term ‘Rhabdomyosarcoma’ connotes.

A

fast ; rapidly ; unilateral

proptosis ;first ; 7 years.

undifferentiated mesenchymal cell crests

striated muscles ; striated muscles

22
Q

______________ is the Most common primary orbital malignancies of childhood.

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma (Embryonal sarcoma)

23
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Tumour is located in the _________,__________ followed by the _________ and __________ aspects of the orbit.

A _______________________ and _______ is seen in one third of the cases sometimes with injections of the overlying skin.

A

superonasal, retrobulbar

superior and inferior

palpable anterior orbital mass and ptosis

24
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

____________ and ____________ are the mainstay of treatment using vincristine, actinomycin & cyclophosphamide. ________ is reserved for rare recurrent or radio-resistant tumours.
Orbital tumours have ____% cure rate.

A

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy

Surgery

95

25
Q

Lacrimal gland Tumors

____crine glands located in the ____________ aspect of the _______ portion of the orbit in a concavity called _____________.

It is divided into two parts: big _____ and small _______ portions.

Few accessory glands of ________ and __________ are located in the conjunctiva.

A

Exo; superotemporal

anterior; lacrimal fossa

orbital; palpebral

Krause and Wolfring

26
Q

Lacrimal Gland Tumors

CLASSIFICATIONS:-
__________ tumours
__________ __________ tumours
__________ __________
Other types of carcinoma

A

Benign mixed tumours
Malignant mixed tumours
Adenocystic carcinoma
Other types of carcinoma

27
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma (Benign mixed
tumour)

Commonest lacrimal gland tumour with
(painful or painless?) mass in the __________ portion of the orbit in a middle aged patient.

Globe is displaced _______ward and ______.

It should be excised with ______________ .

A

Painless; superotemporal

down; medially

intact capsule

28
Q

FNAB is contraindicated in _____________ lacrimal gland tumor

A

Benign Mixed

29
Q

Benign mixed tumor

incomplete removal leads to _________ and rarely, _______________.

A

recurrence

malignant transformation

30
Q

Malignant epithelial lacrimal gland tumours.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (common & infiltrative) Pleomorphic adenocarcinoma
Mucoepithelial carcinoma

Median age for malignant mixed tumours:____ years
Adnexial cystic carcinoma median age :____ years

Presentation is usually _________ displaced proptosis, some extraocular movement restriction, ptosis, hyperaemia and ______.
Malignant reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (lymphoma) of the lacrimal glands can occur in adults.

A

50; 38

infero-medially

pain

31
Q

Optic nerve Glioma

(Common or Rare?), (slow or fast?)-growing pilocytic astrocytoma that typically affects ________ mostly in the ______ decade of life with median age ___ years.

It causes ______ proptosis with fusiform enlargement of the ________ and the corresponding _________ on CT scan and plain x-ray (_______view).

A

Rare; slow ; children

First; 6.5

axial; optic nerve ; optic canal

Water’s

32
Q

Optic nerve Glioma
Approximately, 30% of the patient have neurofibromatosis with _______ prognosis.
If it occurs in adult, it is usually _______ and ______.
Some tumours have indolent course while others have intracranial extension.

A

better

malignant and fatal.

33
Q

Optic nerve sheath meningioma

Eye is an extension of the brain with the optic nerve having it’s own _________ and covered by ______,___________, and _______

Meningothelial cells of the archnoid villi can encircle the nerve or grows along the fibrovascular pial septae.

A

subarachoid space

dura, arachnoid and pia matter.

34
Q

Optic nerve sheath meningioma

Commonly affects (men or women?) with the classical symptoms’ triad:
A) ____________.
B) ______________.
C) ___________ _________ vessels(30%).

As well as _____ proptosis after visual loss.
Prognosis is _____ in adults but may be _____________ in children.

A

Women

A) loss of vision.
B) optic atrophy.
C) opticociliary shunt vessels

axial; good

poorer and fatal

Junior Opthamology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions