BASIC EYE EXAMINATION

Question 1

BASIC EYE EXAMINATION

List 8 accordingly

Answer 1

•External Examination- Pentorch
• Visual Acuity
• Pupil Function
• Ophthalmoscopy
• Ocular motility
• Visual Field testing(Confrontation)
• Intraocular pressure
• Slit-Lamp biomicroscopy examination

Question 2

External Eye Exmination-
• Inspection of __________,_________, and _________
• Inspection of __________ and _________
• Inspection of __________,_________,_______

Answer 2

eye-lids, surrounding tissues
& Palpebral fissures

conjunctiva & sclera

fornices, Cornea & iris

Question 3

VISUAL ACUITY
• The eye’s ability to _______________ (the quantitative measure of the eye’s ability to see an in-focus image at a certain distance)

Answer 3

detect fine details

Question 4

Visual Acuity

Ability to resolve a spatial pattern separated by a visual angle of —————— (_________ or __________).

Answer 4

one minute of arc

6/6 or 20/20

Question 5

•
If one can see at a distance of 20 ft an object that normally can be seen at 20ft then one has _______ vision.

If one can see 20ft what a normal person can see at 40ft then one has _______ vision.

If an individual can see at 20ft what a normal person can see at 60ft then the visual acuity is ______

Answer 5

20/20

20/40

20/60.

Question 6

The 6/6 terminology is more commonly used in Europe and Australia and represents the distance in _______ and often measured with a __________.

Answer 6

meters

SNELLEN CHART

Question 7

PUPIL FUNCTION
• Inspect Pupil for equal size(______ or less of difference may be normal)
• Regular ______
• Reactivity to light( ________/__________)

Answer 7

1mm

shape

direct/ consensual accommodation

Question 8

Reporting normal pupil function

Answer 8

Pupils equal and Round : Reactive to Light& Accommodation

Question 9

• If there is an efferent defect in the left eye, the __________________________

• If there is an afferent defect in the left eye, _______________________________

Answer 9

left pupil will remain dilated regardless of where the light is shining while the right pupil will constrict.

both pupils will dilate when the light is shinning on the left eye, but both will constrict when it is shining on the right eye.

Question 10

If there is a _______________ with _______ reactivity to light and associated _______________-Horner’s syndrome.

• A __________, ________ that ___________ to light but _____________________- Argyl Robertson Pupil

Answer 10

unilateral small pupil with normal reactivity to light and associated ptosis of upper eye lid

small pupil, irregular that constricts poorly to light but normally to accommodation

Question 11

Intraocular Pressure(IOP)- Can be measured by __________ devices designed to measure the _______ (and __________ to outflow) of the ________________ from the eye.

There are different devices - __________ or ____________.

Answer 11

tonometry

Outflow; resistance

aqueous humor

applanation or air puff

Question 12

Diatron tonometry measure IOP through the _________.

Answer 12

eye lid

Question 13

Ophthalmoscopy –Include the visually magnified inspection of the ________________ and assessment of the quality of the _____________.

• Allows direct assessment of the _______ and other tissue at the back of the eye-best done through ___________ pupil. Room should be darkened and patient looking at far object

Answer 13

internal eye structures

eye’s red Reflex; retina

dilated

Question 14

Focus in ophthalmoscopy is on the __________ and __________

Answer 14

optic disc and retinal vasculature.

Question 15

Red reflex, defined as the ________________ through the ophthalmoscope light, is seen when looking at a patient ________ through a direct Ophthalmoscope from a distance of about _______.

Answer 15

reflection of the choroidal vessels

pupil; 50cm

Question 16

The reduction and absence of red reflex will occur in the presence of:

Partial or total opacities of the media e.g _________,_________/ ___________ collections, partial or total occlusion of the pupils and partial or total _____________.

Answer 16

cornea, anterior chamber/ vitreous

Pupils

retinal detachment

Question 17

SLIT LAMP BIOMICROSCOPE
•For close inspection of the _______ eye structure and _________

Answer 17

anterior

ocular adnexa.

Question 18

___________ staining before slit lamp examination may reveal _________ or ______________ infection.

Answer 18

Fluorescein

corneal abrasions

herpes simplex

Question 19

OCULAR MOTILITY
• Tested when there is __________/__________

• Check for deviation as a result of _________, EOM __________ or _______________ innervating the EOM.

Answer 19

Double Vision/Neurologic Disease.

Strabismus

Dysfunction

Palsy of the cranial nerves

Question 20

Ocular motility

Slow tracking or “Pursuits” are assessed by the “ ________________ r” test in which the examiner’s finger traces an imaginary “ __________” which touches upon the ______________.
• It tests the EOM- inf, sup, lat, medial recti muscles as well as superior and inferior oblique muscles

Answer 20

follow my finger

double H

eight fields of Gaze.

Question 21

CONFRONTATIONAL FIELD TEST
• Each eye is tested separately to assess the _____________________.
• Individual occludes one eye while fixated on the examiners’s eye with the non- occluded eye.

Answer 21

extent of the peripheral field

Question 22

Common problems of the Visual field include :

Mention 4

Answer 22

Scotoma
Hemianopia
Homonymous quadrantanopia
Bitemporal hemianopia

Question 23

Common problems of the Visual field include

Scotoma(area of ___________ )
Hemianopia( ___________ loss)
Homonymous quadrantanopia( _____________)
Bitemporal hemianopia( ________________)

Answer 23

reduced vision

half of visual field

both eyes involved

both eyes opposite fields