AMBLYOPIA

Question 1

Amblyopia is a _________ or (rarely) _________
decrease in the ____________________________
caused by __________________ & or
_________________ interaction, for which
there is no pathology of the eye or visual
pathway

Answer 1

unilateral ; bilateral

best corrected visual acuity

form vision deprivation

abnormal binocular interaction

Question 2

Amblyopia

It is produced by certain amblyogenic factors during the —————- of visual
development

Answer 2

Critical period

Question 3

• The critical period during which visual
development may be influenced is up to ______
years

Answer 3

8

Question 4

The amblyogenic factors include

-_______/_______ _______ e.g _______
- image ________ from _____________
- abnormal ________________ e.g
__________

Answer 4

absent/reduced image; cataract

blurring; refractive error

binocular interaction; strabismus

Question 5

Types of amblyopia

• Strabismic amblyopia– results from abnormal ____________ where there is continued ____________ of the _______ eye

• Stimulus deprivation amblyopia– results from _________________. May be unilateral or bilateral & is caused by ____________ e.g ________ or _________ which covers the lid

Answer 5

binocular interaction

monocular suppression ; deviating

vision deprivation ; media opacities

cataract ; ptosis

Question 6

Types of Ambylopia

Anisometropic amblyopia– caused by a
_______________ between the eyes & may result from a difference of as little as
______ . The more __________ eye recieves blurred image

Answer 6

difference in the refractive error

1 DS; ametropic

Question 7

Types of amblyopia
• Bilateral ametropic amblyopia– results from __________________________, usually
___________

• Meridional amblyopia– results from image blur in __________
- can be unilateral or bilateral
- caused by ___________ usually
> _____ ____________

Answer 7

high symmetrical refractive errors

hypermetropia; one meridian

uncorrected astigmatism

> 1D astigmatism

Question 8

Clinical characteristics of Ambylopia

•_______________ in the absence of an
___________ & despite __________

• A difference in best corrected visual acuity of _______________ or more in the absence of
organic disease is indicative of amblyopia

• Exaggeration of _________ phenomenon

• Tolerance of _______________

Answer 8

Reduced visual acuity

organic cause; correction of refractive error

two Snellen lines

crowding

neutral density filter

Question 9

Treatment of Ambylopia
• _________ of the better eye
•____________ of the better eye by __________ in mild amblyopia (_______ or
better)

Answer 9

Occlusion

Penalization; atropinization

6/24