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Junior Opthamology > Applied Anatomy And Physiology Of The Eye > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy And Physiology Of The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF THE EYE
Embryology
Central Nervous System develops from the _________
_________ appears as ________ on either side anteriorly
Grows towards the surface as __________

A

Neural tube

Optic plate; thickening

optic vesicle

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2
Q

The two eyes develop from these optic vesicles, with _____derm and _____derm in contact from ______th week of gestation

A

ecto; meso

3-10

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3
Q

The eye originates from the _______,______, and _________

A

Neural ectoderm
Surface ectoderm
Mesoderm

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4
Q

5 Parts of the eye from the surface ectoderm

A

Conjunctival epithelium
Corneal epithelium
Crystalline lens
Eyelash
Epithelium of (meiboimian glands, glands of moll, lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands)

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5
Q

Parts of the eye from the mesoderm

A

Bony orbit
Ciliary muscles
Extraocular muscles
Vitreous
Sclera
Choroid
Iris stroma
Corneal stroma and endolethium

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6
Q

Parts of the eye from the neural ectoderm

A

Sensory retina
Retina pigment epithelium
Pigment epithelium of iris
Ciliary body epithelium
Sphincter pupillae
Dilator pupillae
Melanocytes
Neural part of optic nerve

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7
Q

Structure of the Eye
— Three layers

_________ _________ coat
_________ _________ layer
_________ _________ layer.

A

Outer fibrous coat
Middle vascular layer
Innermost Neurosensory layer.

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8
Q

Structure of the Eye
— Three layers
Outer fibrous coat- ______ and _________
Middle vascular layer – ______,_______,__________
Neurosensory layer. ___________,__________, and ____________ .

A

sclera and cornea

iris, ciliary body, choroid

Retinal pigmentation epithelium layer and Neurosensory retina

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9
Q

Volume of Globe ??

A

7cc

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10
Q

Axial length of the globe ??

A

23-25mm

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11
Q

Interior of the eyeball

_______
_______
_______
_______

A

Anterior chamber
Aqueous humor
Lens
Vitreous

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12
Q

Accessory structures
—

_________
________ and _______
______________
______________

A

Eyebrows
— Eyelids and Eyelashes
— Lacrimal apparatus
— Extraocular muscles

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13
Q

Conjunctiva
It is the _________ membrane overlying the ———— and lining the ____________________

A

tranparent

eyeball

inner surfaces of the eyelids

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14
Q

Conjunctiva

__________ Conjunctiva
___________ Conjunctiva

A

Palpebaral
Bulbar

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15
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva

It is ___________ and lies ___________ over the underlying structure and thus can be moved easily

It is separated from the anterior sclera by _________ and ___________

A

Transparent; loose

Episcleral tissue

Tenon’s capsule

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16
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva

It is richly _________ , extremely (thin or thick?) and (weakly or strongly?) bounded to the ________

A

Vascular

Thin

Strongly ; Tarsal plate

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17
Q

Sclera
is the ______ of the Eye
It is the firm (anterior or posterior?) ___/6
outercoat of the eye

A

white

posterior 5

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18
Q

Sclera

______ thick, but very _____ and ______ like posteriorly where optic nerve pierces it – ___________ _____

A

1mm

thin and sieve

Lamina Cribrosa

0.1mm.

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19
Q

Sclera

Helps in maintaining the ______ of the eyeball and gives _________ to ___________

A

shape

attachment

extraocular muscles.

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20
Q

Cornea

Forms the (anterior or posterior ?) ___/6 of the outer coat

__________ , (Vascular or Avascular?), _________ and (Denervated or Innervated?)

A

anterior; 1

Transparent; Avascular

Dehydrated; Innervated

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21
Q

Cornea

___________ in shape.

Dioptric power ____D - _____D.

A

Ellipsoid

+43

+45

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22
Q

Main refractive surface of the eye is??

A

Cornea

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23
Q

__________ is responsible for 70% of vision

A

Cornea

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24
Q

Uvea
Iris

_________ _________ __________ with a central aperture – _____

Composed of _________,__________, and __________

A

Coloured circular diaphragm

pupil

endothelium, stroma and pigment cells

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25
Q

_________ Dictates colour of the eye- brown/black/blue

A

Iris

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26
Q

Iris- Uvea

2 groups of ________ muscle fibres

________ (________ pupillae)
________ (________ Pupillae)

A

smooth

circular (Sphincter pupillae)
Radial (Dilator Pupillae)

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27
Q

CILIARY BODY

____________ in shape with ______ forwards 6mm
Located between _________ anteriorly and __________ posteriorly

A

Triangular; base

Scleral Spur

Ora Serrata

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28
Q

Iris is attached to the ______________ of the ________

A

middle of the base

Ciliary body

29
Q

Ciliary body

Divided into:
anteriorly ________ ___mm with _________

Posteriorly:__________ __mm ______

A

Pars Plicata; 2; Ciliary processes

Pars plana; 4; flat

30
Q

Ciliary body

Consist of 4 layers

List them

A

Ciliary muscle
Stroma
Ciliary processes
Epithelium

31
Q

Ciliary body

Consist of 4 layers

Ciliary muscle:-_______ muscle responsible for ___________

Stroma consists of _______,_____,_____,_____

Ciliary processes – ________________

Epithelium – _________ and ___________

A

Smooth; accommodation

collagen, nerves, pigments, blood vessels

aqueous production

Pigmented and Non pigmented layers

32
Q

Anterior and Posterior chambers

Contain ___________, clear colourless and ___________ fluid

Produced by the ___________________

A

aqueous humor; optically empty

Non pigmented ciliary epithelium

33
Q

Aqueous humor

Continuous process of production ______/min

34
Q

Processes of aqueous production are:??????

A

Active secretion 80-90%

ultra filtration

Passive Diffusion

35
Q

Aqueous Flow
— (Increases or Reduces?) with Aging
—
Distinctive Circadian rhythm with reduction by _____% during Sleep
—

Normal outflow facility 0.1-0.4ul/min/mHg

A

Reduces

47

36
Q

Aqueous humor

_____ml in Anterior chamber
— _____ ml in Posterior chamber
—

37
Q

Aqueous drainage through _____________(75%) to ___________ and _______________ (25%) in the _____ of anterior chamber

A

trabecularmeshwork

Canal of Schlem

Uveoscleral Outflow; angle

38
Q

Aqueous humor helps in maintaining ________ of the eyeball
Supplies nutrients to ________,_______,_______

A

shape

cornea, lens and iris.

39
Q

Intraocular pressure ranges normally ______mmHg by applanation.

40
Q

INTRAOCULAR LENS

_________,__________ structure

_______ in early life, but _______ with aging

A

Crystalline, biconvex

Elastic; hardens

41
Q

Intraocular lens

Transparent, avascular,Dehydrated but ____________
Lies behind the __________ suspended by __________ from _________.

A

not innervated

pupil; zonules of Zinn

ciliary body

42
Q

_________ is Responsible for 25% of refraction

A

Intraocular lens

43
Q

Intraocular lens is Responsible for _____% of refraction

44
Q

CHOROID
Highly ________ ________ layer between _________ and ________

Extends from __________ to the _________ aperture in the sclera

A

vascular dark brown

sclera and retina

ora serrata; optic nerve

45
Q

Choroid

________________ up to —————- depends on choroid for nutrition and blood supply
Composed of ___________ space, stroma and _______ membrane.

A

Outer layers of retina

outer nuclear layer

suprachoroidal ; Bruch’s

46
Q

Vitreous Humor

Transparent ____-like structure
Lies behind the _______

Fills the _____________ of the eyeball

A

gel

lens

posterior 4/5

47
Q

vitreous cavity space is ??

Vitreous humor quantity Present at birth Volume is ???

A

4.5mls

4mls

48
Q

Vitreous humor

Made up of ____% ______ and _______ with some _____

A

99; water

gelatin; salts

49
Q

RETINA
____________ layer of the Eye
—
Composed of _____ layers

Overlying the Retina Pigment epithelium layer
Lines about ___________ of eyeball

A

Neurosensory

Ten; three quarters

50
Q

___________ is the most sensitive part of the retina, responsible for _______,_______ vision

A

Macula

Sharp, detailed

51
Q

Optic disc located _________ , it is the aggregation of ____________ , ____mm in diameter

Averagely ___________ nerve fibres

A

nasally; nerve fibre layer

1.5

1.2million

52
Q

Optic nerve extends from ____________ to the ____________, _____ in length.

A

lamina cribosa; optic chiasma

50mm

53
Q

Optic nerve

Intraocular _____
Intraorbital _______
Intracanalicular ________
Intracranial ________

A

1mm

25mm

4-10mm

10-15mm

54
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE EYE
___________ artery, a branch of _________ artery

_____ short ciliary arteries
_____ long ciliary arteries

_______________ artery

A

Ophthalmic; internal carotid

20; 2

Central retinal

55
Q

VENOUS DRAINAGE
__________ veins
_________ veins
________ veins
_____________ veins
Drainage into ________ veins, which empties into ___________.

A

Short ciliary

Anterior ciliary

Vortex; Central retinal

ophthalmic; cavernous sinus

56
Q

NERVE SUPPLY TO THE EYE
3 types of Nerves
________ Nerves
________ Nerves
________ Nerves

A

Motor Nerves
Sensory Nerves
Autonomic Nerves

57
Q

Motor Nerves
Oculomotor Nerve (3rd CN)

Superior division
- _____________
- ________________
Inferior Division
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________

  • Branch to _________
  • ______________ * ______ muscle
A

Levator palpebrae superioris

Superior rectus

Medial rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique

ciliary ganglion

  • Sphincter pupillae * Ciliary muscle
58
Q

Motor nerves

Trochlear Nerve (4th CN) supplies __________ muscle

Abducens nerve (6th CN) supplies ___________

Facial Nerve (7th CN) _____________

A

superior oblique

lateral rectus

Orbicularis Oculi

59
Q

SENSORY NERVES

_________ Nerve – __________ Branch supplies the whole eye.

A

Trigeminal

Ophthalmic

60
Q

AUTONOMIC NERVES
SYMPATHETIC NERVE SUPPLY – through cervical sympathetic

Iris- _________ muscle
__________
__________ muscle in the lids
______________

A

dilator pupillae

Ciliary body

Muller’s

Lacrimal gland

61
Q

AUTONOMIC NERVES

Parasympathetic Nerve Supplies
Iris —______________ muscle
_____________
_______________

A

Sphincter pupillae

Ciliary body
Lacrimal gland

62
Q

Bony Orbit
2 _________ shaped bony cavities on either side of midline of the face
Apex at the ___________

Base formed by ___________ and _________ bones

A

Pyramidal

Optic foramen

orbital margin of Frontal and Maxillary

63
Q

Bony orbit

Made up of ____ bones:

List them

____ Walls

A

7

Ethmoids,Sphenoids,Maxilla,Frontal,Palantine, Lacrimal,Zygoma

4

64
Q

Volume of the bony orbit ??

A

Volume 30cc

65
Q

Roof of the Orbit: ???

A

Orbital plate of Frontal bone

Lesser Wing of the Sphenoid (2)

66
Q

Lateral wall: ??

A

Frontal Process of Zygomatic bone

Orbital plate of Greater Wing of Sphenoid bone(2)

67
Q

Floor: ??

A

Orbital surface of Maxilla

Zygomatic bone

Palantine bone(3)

68
Q

Medial Wall: ???

A

Orbital plate of Ethmoids

Maxilla

Lacrimal

Body of Sphenoid(4)

Junior Opthamology (12 decks)

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