Orbit and Eye

Question 1

what is the entrance to the conjuctiva?

Answer 1

palpebral fissure

Question 2

what are tarsal glands?

Answer 2

modified sebaceous glands behind the eyelashes that secrete an oily substance that prevents the overflow of tears

Question 3

What bones make up then roof of orbit?

Answer 3

Frontal bone

Question 4

What bones make up lateral wall of orbit?

Answer 4

Zygomatic bone

Greater wing of sphenoid

Question 5

What bones make up the floor of the orbit?

Answer 5

Orbital plate of the maxilla

Question 6

What makes up the medial wall of the orbit?

Answer 6

Frontal process of maxilla
Lacrimal bone
Orbital plate of ethmoid bone
Body of the sphenoid

Question 7

What is the fibrous sheet that supports the eyelids?

Answer 7

Orbital septum

Question 8

What does the orbital septum connect to?

Answer 8

The periosteum at the orbital margins

Question 9

WHat do the orbital margins form?

Answer 9

Tarsal plates with tarsal glands

Question 10

What are the two parts of the lacrimal gland?

Answer 10

Small palpebral part

Large orbital part

Question 11

What ganglion is involved in lacrimal gland innervation?

Answer 11

Pterygopalantine ganglion

Question 12

What nerves are involved with lacrimal gland innervation?

Answer 12

Fibers from lacrimal nucleus of c7
Greater petrosal n.
Nerve of pterygoid canal
Deep petrosal n.
Zygomatic n.
Lacrimal n.

Question 13

What is the route of tears in the eye?

Answer 13

Lacus lacrimalis
Lacrimal canaliculi 
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct
Inferior meatus of nose

Question 14

What sheaths is the optic nerve surrounded by?

Answer 14

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia

Question 15

How does a change in cranial pressure affect the eyeball?

Answer 15

The cerebrospinal fluid surrounds optic nerve in subarachnoid space so a change presses on the nerve

Question 16

What foramina does the trigeminal nerve go through?

Answer 16

Superior orbital fissure

Question 17

What are the three branches of the ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve?

Answer 17

Nasociliary
Frontal
Lacrimal

Question 18

What does the frontal nerve ( division of trigeminal) divide into?

Answer 18

Supratrochlear and supraorbital

Question 19

What fissure does the oculomotor come out of?

Answer 19

Superior orbital fissure

Question 20

What does the superior branch of the oculomotor nerve supply?

Answer 20

Superior rectus

Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

Question 21

What does the inferior branch of the oculomotor supply??

Answer 21

Inferior rectus
Middle rectus
Inferior oblique

Question 22

What fissure do both the trochlear and the abducens nerve come out of?

Answer 22

Superior orbital fissure

Question 23

What is the function of the branches of the nasociliary nerve?

Answer 23

Communicating branch to ciliary ganglion

Ciliary nerves with sympathetic fibers

Question 24

What are the two branches of the nasociliary nerve?

Answer 24

Anterior ethmoidal

Infra trochlear

Question 25

What foramen does the anterior ethmoidal nerve pass through?

Answer 25

Anterior ethmoidal foramen

Question 26

What is the opthalmic artery a branch of?

Answer 26

internal carotid artery

Question 27

what are the branches of the opthalmic artery?

Answer 27

``` ciliary arteries central artery of the retina muscular branches lacrimal artery supratrochlear artery supraorbital artery ```

Question 28

what are the 2 main opthalmic veins?

Answer 28

inferior ophthalmic vein | superior opthalmic vein

Question 29

where do both opthalmic veins drain that can serve as a route of infection?

Answer 29

backward into the cavernous sinus

Question 30

what type of ganglion in the ciliary ganglion?

Answer 30

parasympathetic

Question 31

what nerve do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers for the ciliary ganglion come from?

Answer 31

oculomotor nerve

Question 32

what nerve do the postganglionic fibers of the ciliary ganglion travel through?

Answer 32

short ciliary ganglion

Question 33

which muscle fibers control the dilator pupillae of the eye?

Answer 33

postganglionic sympathetic (from ciliary ganglion)

Question 34

what fibers control the sphincter pupillae of the eye?

Answer 34

postganglionic parasympathetic (from ciliary ganglion)

Question 35

what needs to happen in the eye for distant vision to occur?

Answer 35

ciliary muscle relaxed fibers under tension lens is stretched

Question 36

what needs to happen in the eye for near vision to occur?

Answer 36

parasympathetics cause ciliary muscle to contract fibers relax lens relaxes

Question 37

what are the 6 main optic muscles?

Answer 37

``` middle rectus inferior rectus superior rectus lateral rectus superior oblique levator palpebrae superioris ```

Question 38

what are the 2 parts of the lacrimal gland?

Answer 38

Large orbital part | Small palpebral part