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Anatomy Block 3 > Blood Vessels/ Viscera/ Nerves Of Neck > Flashcards

Blood Vessels/ Viscera/ Nerves Of Neck Flashcards

0
Q

What is within the carotid sheath?

A

Carotid a.
Internal jugular vein
Vagus n.

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1
Q

What important things does the carotid body and sinus control?

A

Heart rate
BP
Respiratory rate
Depth of respiration

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2
Q

Where does the right common carotid originate?

A

Braciocephalic trunk

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3
Q

Where does the left common carotid originate from?

A

Aortic arch

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4
Q

what are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A

superficial temporal artery

maxillary artery

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5
Q

what are the anterior branches of the external carotid artery?

A

facial artery
lingual artery
superior thyroid artery

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6
Q

what are the posterior branches of the external carotid artery?

A

posterior auricular artery

occipital artery

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7
Q

what are the medial branches of the external carotid artery?

A

ascending pharyngeal artery

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8
Q

what branch does the superior thyroid artery give off?

A

superior laryngeal artery

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9
Q

where does the posterior auricular artery reach?

A

the notch between the cartilage of external acoustic meatus and mastoid process

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10
Q

what two branches does the superficial temporal artery divide into?

A

anterior (frontal branch)

posterior (parietal) branch

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11
Q

where does the internal jugular vein begin and end?

A

begins- jugular foramen (continuation of sigmoid sinus)

ends- joins subclavian vein= brachiocephalic vein

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12
Q

where in the carotid sheath is the IJV?

A

lateral to the artery

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13
Q

what are the tributaries of the IJV?

A 
facial vein
lingual vein
inferior petrosal sinus + sigmoid sinus
pharyngeal veins
superior + middle thyroid veins
occipital vein (sometimes)
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14
Q

what are the branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

A

vertebral artery
thyrocervical trunk
internal thoracic artery

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15
Q

what are the branches of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery?

A

costocervical trunk

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16
Q

what are the branches of the 3rd part of the subclavian artery?

A

dorsal scapular artery (or NONE)

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17
Q

what are the 4 parts of the vertebral artery?

A

1st- prevertebral
2nd- cervical
3rd- atlantic
4th- intracranial

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18
Q

Where does the common carotid divide into internal and external?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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19
Q

What is the main control of the carotid body?

A

Respond to changes in blood composition

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20
Q

What is the main control of the carotid sinus?

A

Respond to changes in blood pressure

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21
Q

What is the nerve that is controlling the carotid body and sinus?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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22
Q

Where does the external carotid bifurcate?

A

Parotid gland

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23
Q

What nerve crosses the lingual artery?

A

Hypoglossal

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24
Q

What does the lingual artery supply?

A

Tongue

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25
Q

What does the facial artery supply?

A 
Pharynx
Soft palate
Palatine tonsil
Submandibular gland
Muscles
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26
Q

What does the occipital artery supply?

A

Dura mater
Auricle middle ear
Mastoid air cells
Muscles

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27
Q

What does the posterior auricular artery supply?

A 
Parotid gland
Auricle
middle ear
Scalp 
muscles
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28
Q

What does the superficial temporal artery ascend with?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

Superficial temporal vein

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29
Q

What does the superficial temporal artery supply?

A 
Frontal, temporal, and parietal regions of the scalp
Parotid gland 
External ear
Face
Temporomandibular joint
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30
Q

What does the maxillary artery supply?

A 
External and middle ear
Cranial dura mater
Upper and lower teeth and gingiva
Muscles of mastification
Face
Hard/soft palate
Palatine tonsil
Nasal cavity
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31
Q

What are the upper and lower ends of the internal jugular vein called?

A

Superior and inferior bulbs

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32
Q

What drains into the superior bulb of the IJV?

A

Sigmoid sinus + inferior petrosal sinus

33
Q

The right subclavian artery is a branch of what?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

34
Q

Your left subclavian artery is a branch of what?

A

Aortic arch

35
Q

Where does the 1st part of the vertebral artery begin and end?

A

Ascends from Subclavian to c6

36
Q

Where does the 2nd part of the vertebral artery go?

A

Enters transverse foramina C6 to c1

37
Q

Where does the 3rd part of the vertebral artery ascend to?

A

Enters vertebral canal posterior to the lateral mass of atlas and lies in a groove

38
Q

Where does the 4th part of the vertebral artery ascend?

A

Enters through foramen magnum by piercing dura mater and arachnoid

39
Q

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

A

Inferior thyroid artery
Transverse cervical artery
Suprascapular arteries

40
Q

What does the inferior thyroid artery supply?

A 
Larynx
Trachea 
Pharynx
Esophagus 
Thyroid
Parathyroid glands
41
Q

What branch is a branch off of the inferior thyroid artery?

A

Ascending cervical artery

42
Q

If the dorsal scapular artery is on the subclavian, what is the artery off the thyrocervical trunk called?

A

Superficial cervical artery

43
Q

If the dorsal scapular artery is off the artery on the thyrocervical trunk, what is the artery?

A

Transverse cervical

44
Q

What nerve is the suprascapular artery joined by near the scapula?

A

Supra scapular nerve

45
Q

What are the two branches of the costocervical trunk?

A

Supreme intercostal a.

Deep cervical artery

46
Q

Where does the subclavian vein begin and end?

A

Begins at lateral border of first rib

Ends at sternoclavicular joint by joining IJV

47
Q

Where does the vagus nerve exit the skull?

A

Jugular foramen

48
Q

What are the two sensory ganglia of the vagus nerve?

A

Superior ganglion

Inferior ganglion

49
Q

Where is the superior and inferior ganglion?

A

Superior- within the jugular foramen

Inferior- inferior to the jugular foramen

50
Q

What are the two branches of the vagus nerve within the jugular foramen?

A

Meningeal branch

Auricular branch

51
Q

What are the 4 branches of the vagus nerve within the neck?

A

Pharyngeal branch
Superior laryngeal branch
Cardiac branches
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve

52
Q

What does the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve supply?

A

Motor innervation to muscles of pharynx and soft palate

53
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus) branch into?

A

Internal and external laryngeal nerves

54
Q

What does the internal laryngeal nerve ( branch of vagus) supply?

A

SENSORY innervation to
posterior of tongue
Laryngopharynx
Larynx

55
Q

What does the external laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus) supply?

A

MOTOR innervation to
Cricothyroid muscles
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles

56
Q

What foramen does the accessory nerve enter and exit through?

A

Enters through foramen magnum

Exits through jugular foramen

57
Q

What does the accessory nerve originate from?

A

C1 to C5 spinal segments that make the spinal root

58
Q

What are the 4 main branches of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Terminal nerves that supply tongue
Nerves to geniohyoid and thyrohyoid
Meningeal branch
Superior root of ansa cervicalis

59
Q

What is the only branch of the hypoglossal nerve that actually contains true hypoglossal fibers?

A

Terminal branches to the tongue

60
Q

What are the 4 ganglion that are part of the cervical sympathetic trunk?

A

Vertebral
Inferior
Superior
Middle

61
Q

What are the 5 main branches off of the superior ganglion of the cervical sympathetic trunk?

A 
Pharyngeal
Gray communicating rami to c1 to c4
Superior cervical cardiac nerve
Internal carotid nerve
External carotid nerve
62
Q

What are the 3 main branches for the middle ganglion of the cervical sympathetic trunk?

A

Thyroid branch
Gray communicating rami c5 to c6
Middle cervical cardiac nerve

63
Q

What is the cervicothoracic or stellate ganglion?

A

When the inferior cervical ganglion fuses with the first thoracic ganglion

64
Q

What are the major branches of the inferior ganglion of the cervical sympathetic trunk?

A

Ansa subclavia
Inferior cervical cardiac nerve
Gray communicating rami to spinal nerves c7- c8

65
Q

What forms the cervical plexus?

A

Ventral rami of c1 to c4 spinal nerves

66
Q

What are the branches of the cervical plexus?

A 
Lesser occipital
Greater auricular n.
Transverse cervical n.
Supraclavicular n.
Ansa cervicalis n.
67
Q

What muscle does the phrenic nerve pass in front of in the neck to reach thorax?

A

Scalenus anterior (and subclavian artery)

68
Q

What three things does the thyroid gland secrete?

A

T3
T4
Calcitonin

69
Q

Why is it clinically important that the thyroid is connected to the larynx and trachea by the deep cervical fascia?

A

The thyroid will move when a patient swallows

70
Q

What is the point of origin on the tongue of the thyroid?

A

Foramen cecum

71
Q

What keeps the thyroid connected to the tongue during migration?

A

Thyroglossal duct

72
Q

What are thyroglossal cysts?

A

Persistent segment of the thyroglossal duct

73
Q

What are the parts of the thyroid gland?

A

Isthmus
2 lobes
Pyramidal lobe

74
Q

What is the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid?

A

Remnant of the thyroglossal duct that did not disappear

75
Q

What tracheal level is the thyroid?

A

2nd 3rd tracheal cartilages

76
Q

What are the 3 arteries that reach the thyroid?

A

Superior thyroid artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Thyroid ima artery (sometimes)

77
Q

What are the three veins of the thyroid?

A

Superior thyroid vein
Inferior thyroid vein
Middle thyroid vein

78
Q

What do each of the three thyroid veins drain into?

A

Superior & middle = internal jugular vein

Inferior thyroid vein= brachiocephalic vein

79
Q

What do the parathyroid glands secrete and what does it do?

A

Parathormone - increases blood Ca+ levels

80
Q

What is the venous supply of the parathyroid glands?

A

Parathyroid veins

Anatomy Block 3 (12 decks)

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