Oral/Pharyngeal musculature Test # 3 10/6/16 Flashcards
1
Q
What are three basic types of muscles found in the pharynx?
A
- Palate
- Elevators
- Constrictors
2
Q
Damage to what nerve causes Bell’s Palsy?
A
CN VII
3
Q
What is Bell’s Palsy?
A
- Weakness/paralysis of muscles on 1 side of face
- Dry eye
- Loss of taste
- Sensitivity to sound
4
Q
What do you find in the oral cavity?
A
- Hard Palate
- Soft palate and uvula
- Palatoglossal arch
- Palatine tonsil
- Palatopharyngeal arch
- Frenulum
5
Q
What is the fauces?
A
-The arched opening in back of mouth leading to pharynx
6
Q
What muscle do you use to pucker your lips?
A
Orbicularis Oris
7
Q
What nerve innervates the orbicularis oris?
A
CN VII Mandibular branch
8
Q
Where does the orbicularis oris originate and insert?
A
- Deep surface of skin (Superior: Maxilla Inferior: Mandible)
- Mucous membrane of lips
9
Q
What are the three muscles of the floor of the mouth?
A
- Mylohoid
- Geniohyoid
- Anterior Digastric
10
Q
Where does the mylohyoid originate and insert?
A
- Mandible (mylohyoid line)
- Hyoid bone (body)
11
Q
What innervates the mylohyoid?
A
Mylohyoid nerve branch of CN V3
12
Q
Where does the Geniohyoid originate and insert?
A
- Mandible (inferior genial spines)
- Body of the hyoid bone
13
Q
What innervates the geniohyoid?
A
Innervated by C1 from Ansa Cervicalis but joins up with CN XII
14
Q
Where does the Anterior Digastric originate and insert?
A
- Mandible (Digastric fossa)
- Body of Hyoid bone
15
Q
What innervates the anterior digastric muscle?
A
Mylohyoid nerve of CN V3
16
Q
What are two other muscles that contribute to the surrounding regions of the oral floor?
A
- Stylohyoid
- Posterior Digastric
17
Q
Where does the Posterior Digastric insert and originate?
A
- Temporal bone (mastoid notch and medial to mastoid process)
- Body of the hyoid bone
18
Q
What innervates the Posterior Digastric muscle?
A
-Facial nerve CN VII
19
Q
Where does the stylohyoid originate and insert?
A
- Temporal bone (Styloid process)
- Body of the hyoid bone
20
Q
What innervates the stylohyoid muscle?
A
-Facial nerve CN VII
21
Q
What are the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
A
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus
22
Q
Where does the Genioglossus originate and insert?
A
- Superior genial spine (Mandible)
- Hyoid body, posterior tongue, ventral surface of tongue
23
Q
What innervates the Genioglossus?
A
CN XII Hypoglossal
24
Q
Where does the Hyoglossus originate and insert?
A
- Greater horn of Hyoid bone
- Lateral tongue between styloglossus and inferior longitudinal
25
What innervates the Hyoglossus?
CN XII Hypoglossal
26
Where does the styloglossus originate and insert?
- Styloid process
| - Dorsolateral tongue
27
What innervates the styloglossus?
CN XII Hypoglossal
28
Where does the Palatoglossus originate and insert?
- Palatine aponeurosis
| - Lateral tongue
29
What innervates the palatoglossus muscle?
-CN X Vagus via pharyngeal plexus
30
What are the four intrinsic tongue muscles?
-Superior longitudinal muscle
-Inferior longitudinal muscle
Transverse muscle
-Vertical Muscle
31
Where does the superior longitudinal muscle insert/originate?
Thin layer of muscle inferior to the dorsal mucosa and near epiglottis
32
Where does the inferior longitudinal muscle insert/originate?
-Superior to genioglossus and hyoglossus
33
Where does the transverse muscle insert/originate?
-Lateral to lingual septum and lateral tongue
34
Where does the vertical muscle insert/originate?
-Anterior tongue
35
What innervates all the intrinsic tongue muscles?
CN XII Hypoglossal
36
What is the function of the genioglossus?
Protrusion of the tongue
37
What is the function of the hyoglossus?
Depresses the tongue
38
What is the function of the styloglossus?
Elevate and retract the tongue
39
What is the function of the palatoglossus?
Elevate the root of tongue
40
What is the function of the superior longitudinal muscle?
Shortens tongue
41
What is the function of the inferior longitudinal muscle?
Shorten tongue
42
What is the function of the transverse muscle?
Narrow tongue
43
What is the function of the vertical muscle?
Widen and flatten tongue
44
A lesion of what nerve causes a patient to "lick your wounds" paralysis of the tongue on one side?
CN XII Hypoglossus
45
What to you find on both sides of the palatine tonsils?
- Palatoglossal arch
| - Palatopharyngeal arch
46
What are the three foramen found on the hard palate?
- Incisive foramen
- Greater palatine foramen
- Lesser palatine foramen
47
What nerve exits the incisive foramen?
-Nasopalatine
48
What nerve exits the greater palatine foramen?
Greater palatine nerve
49
What nerve exits the lesser palatine foramen?
Lesser palatine nerve
50
What are the nasopalatine, greater palatine, and lesser palatine nerves a branch of?
-The maxillary branch of the Trigeminal nerve
51
What are the four muscles of the soft palate?
- Tensor veli palatini
- Levator veli palatini
- Uvular muscle
- Palatoglossus
52
What innervates the tensor veli palatini muscle?
CN V3
53
What innervates the levator veli palatini muscle?
CN X
54
What does the tensor veli palatini muscle wrap around?
Pterygoid Hamulus
55
What is another muscle that acts on the palate?
Palatopharyngeus
56
What is the function of the palatoglossus muscle?
Pulls tongue superiorly
57
What is the function of the palatopharyngeus?
Elevate pharynx and larynx
58
What palate acting muscles does CN X (Vagus) innervate?
- Uvular
- Palatoglossus
- Palatopharyngeus
- Levator veli palatini
59
What are the three pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
- Superior pharyngeal constrictor
- Middle pharyngeal constrictor
- Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
60
What nerve innervates the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
Vagus nerve CN X
61
What are the three elevator muscles of the pharynx?
- Salpingopharyngeus
- Palatopharyngeus
- Stylpharyngeus
62
Which of the three elevator muscles is innervated by CN X?
Salpingopharyngeus
| -Palatopharyngeus
63
Which of the three elevator muscles is innervated by CN IX?
Stylpharyngeus
64
What is responsible for sensory innervation of the Nasopharynx?
V2
65
What is responsible for sensory innervation of the oropharynx?
CN IX
66
What is responsible for sensory innervation of the laryngopharynx?
CN X
67
What are the four arteries that supply the pharynx?
- Ascending pharyngeal
- Superior Thyroid
- Inferior Thyroid
- Some branches of facial and maxillary arteries
68
What are four functions of the larynx?
- Prevent material from entering airway
- Phonation
- Breathing
- Cough reflex
69
What occurs in the cough reflex?
Temporary closure of vocal folds to build up air pressure
70
What occurs in breathing?
Abduction of vocal cords, glottis opens, airway opens
71
What occurs in phonation?
-Tensing, abducting, adducting vocal folds causes air to vibrate during exhalation
72
What do four features do you find in the larynx?
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
- Epiglottis
- Arytenoid cartilage
73
What three ligaments do you find in the larynx?
- Thyrohyoid
- Cricothyroid
- Vocal
74
What innervates the larynx?
CN X
75
What innervates the cricothyroideus muscle?
External laryngeal of the superior laryngeal of the vagus nerve
76
What does the internal laryngeal nerve innervate?
Sensory above vocal cords
77
What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve motor innervate?
-Laryngeal muscles
78
What sensory innervation does the laryngeal nerve do?
-Sensory below vocal cords
79
What are the laryngeal muscles that the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates?
- Thyroarytenoid
- lateral cricoarytenoid
- Transverse arytenoid
- Oblique arytenoid (X-shape)
80
T/F
| The cricoarytenoid joint is a synovial joint
True
81
What does the cricoarytenoid joint do?
Abduct and Adduct vocal ligaments
82
What muscle pulls thyroid cartilage anteriorly increasing tension in vocal ligaments?
Cricothyroideus
83
Which tongue muscle is not innervated by CN XII?
Palatoglossus CN X
84
Which palate muscle is not innervated by CN X
Tensor veli palatini CN V3
85
Which pharyngeal muscle is not innervated by CN X?
Stylopharyngeus CN IX
86
If you had a lesion on the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve what functions would you lose?
-Tongue sensation on anterior 2/3
