Neck 9/27/16

Question 1

what are the bones of the neck?

Answer 1

• Vertebrae

- Hyoid Bone

Question 2

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

Answer 2

Depress Mandible
Elevate Ribs
Depress Larynx

Question 3

What is the outermost layer of the neck?

Answer 3

Skin

Question 4

What is the fascial layer below the skin of the neck?

Answer 4

Superficial cervical fascia

Question 5

What muscle do you find in the superficial cervical fascia?

Answer 5

Platysma muscle

Question 6

What fascial layer do you find below the superficial cervical fascia?

Answer 6

Deep fascia

Question 7

How many fascial layers are within the deep fascia?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

What are the four deep fascial layers?

Answer 8

• Pretracheal fascia
• Prevertebral fascia
• Carotid Sheath
• Investing Fascia

Question 9

What is the first deep layer fascia?

Answer 9

Investing fascia

Question 10

What two muscles do you find in the investing fascia?

Answer 10

• Trapezius

- Sternocleidomastoid

Question 11

What is a second layer near the front of the neck that you find below the investing fascia?

Answer 11

Pretracheal fascia

Question 12

What nerve innervates the trapezius and SCM muscles?

Answer 12

The spinal accessory nerve

Question 13

What do find in the pretracheal fascia?

Answer 13

• Infrahyoid muscles
• Thyroid gland
• Buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 14

What are the three components of the pretracheal fascia?

Answer 14

• Muscular
• Visceral
• Buccopharyngeal

Question 15

What deep fascial layer do you find behind the pretracheal fascia?

Answer 15

Prevertebral fascia

Question 16

What do you find in the prevertebral fascia?

Answer 16

• Deep cervical muscles (Splenius/semispinalus)
• Levator Scapulae muscle
• Scalene muscle
• Longus Coli muscle

Question 17

What do you find in the anterior direction of the prevertebral fascia?

Answer 17

Alar fascia

Question 18

What is the sympathetic trunk found in?

Answer 18

The prevertebral fascia between the alar fascia and the prevertebral fasica

Question 19

What are the two danger spaces?

Answer 19

• Retropharygeal space

- Alar Space

Question 20

What is the deep fascial layer that contains that IJV, Carotid artery, and the vagus nerve?

Answer 20

Carotid Sheath

Question 21

Where does the cervical plexus come from?

Answer 21

Ventral rami of C1-C4/C5

Question 22

What three general things does the cervical plexus innervate?

Answer 22

• Cutaneous regions
• Muscular regions
• The diaphragm

Question 23

What are the four cutaneous nerves from the cervical plexus?

Answer 23

• Lesser Occipital nerve
• Great Auricular nerve
• Transverse cervical nerve
• supraclavicular nerve

Question 24

Where does the less occipital nerve come from?

Answer 24

C2

Question 25

Where does the great auricular nerve come from?

Answer 25

C2 C3

Question 26

Where does the transverse cervical nerve come from?

Answer 26

C2 C3

Question 27

Where does the supraclavicular nerve come from?

Answer 27

C3 C4

Question 28

Where does the Internal carotid artery serve?

Answer 28

Brain

Question 29

What are two distinct features on the internal carotid artery?

Answer 29

- Carotid sinus | - Carotid body

Question 30

What is unique about the carotid sinus?

Answer 30

It contains baroreceptors to sense pressure

Question 31

Where do you find the carotid body?

Answer 31

On the inside side of the carotid sinus

Question 32

What is unique about the carotid body?

Answer 32

It contains chemoreceptors

Question 33

What nerve sends the information received by the carotid body?

Answer 33

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 34

How many branches does the external carotid artery have coming off of it?

Answer 34

8

Question 35

What is the first branch off of the external carotid artery?

Answer 35

Superior thyroid artery

Question 36

What is the second branch off of the external carotid artery?

Answer 36

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 37

What is the third branch off of the external carotid artery?

Answer 37

Lingual

Question 38

What is the fourth branch off of the external carotid artery?

Answer 38

Facial

Question 39

What is the fifth branch off of the external carotid artery?

Answer 39

Occipital

Question 40

What is the sixth branch off of the external carotid artery?

Answer 40

Posterior Auricular

Question 41

What are the last two branches (terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 41

- Maxillary | - Superficial Temporal

Question 42

What does the internal jugular vein drain?

Answer 42

Brain and Face

Question 43

What does the external jugular vein drain?

Answer 43

Face

Question 44

Which vein allows blood to anastamoses with the external or internal jugular vein?

Answer 44

Retromandibular vein

Question 45

Which vein would you drain into if both the retromandibular blocked the internal and external jugular veins?

Answer 45

Pterygoid plexus into the cavernous sinus

Question 46

What muscles elevate the hyoid bone and larynx but can also help depress the mandible?

Answer 46

Suprahyoid muscle

Question 47

Which belly of the digastric muscles are innervated by cranial nerve V branch 3?

Answer 47

Anterior belly

Question 48

Which belly of the digastric muscles are innervated by cranial nerve VII?

Answer 48

Posterior belly

Question 49

What innervates the stylohyoid muscle?

Answer 49

Facial nerve CN VII

Question 50

What innervates the mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 50

CN V branch 3

Question 51

What is the function of the mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 51

Elevate base of tongue and floor of mouth

Question 52

What is the function of the longus coli muscle?

Answer 52

Flex the neck

Question 53

Which part of the scalene muscles attach to the 1st transverse process?

Answer 53

Anterior | Middle

Question 54

Which part of the scalene muscles attach to the 2nd transverse process?

Answer 54

Posterior

Question 55

How many muscles are in the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 55

5

Question 56

What are the 5 infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 56

- Sternohyoid - Omohyoid (superior head) - Omohyoid (Inferior head) - Thryohyoid - Sternothyroid

Question 57

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 57

SCM | Trapezius

Question 58

What fascial layer makes up the roof of the posterior triangle?

Answer 58

-Deep investing fascia

Question 59

What fascial layer makes up the floor of the posterior triangle?

Answer 59

Prevertebral fascia

Question 60

What do you find in the posterior triangle?

Answer 60

- Anterior scalene - Cervical plexus - External jugular vein - Brachial plexus - Middle scalene - Splenius capitis - Levator Scauplae - Thryocerviacl trunk

Question 61

What are the four triangles of the anterior triangle?

Answer 61

- Muscular - Submental - Submandibular - Carotid

Question 62

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

Answer 62

- midline - superior belly omohyoid - SCM

Question 63

What do you find in the muscular triangle?

Answer 63

Infrahyoid muscles

Question 64

What are the borders of the submental triangle?

Answer 64

- Ant Digastric - Ant Digastric - Hyoid bone

Question 65

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 65

Ant Digastric - Post digastric - Mandible

Question 66

What branches off of the subclavian artery?

Answer 66

Vertebral | Thyrocervical trunk

Question 67

What branches off of the thyrocervical trunk?

Answer 67

- Inferioir thyroid - Ascending cervical (really branches off of the inferior thyroid) - Transverse cervical - Suprascapular

Question 68

What do you find in the submandibular triangle?

Answer 68

- Submandibular gland and lymph nodes - Lingual and facial arteries - Hypoglossal nerve

Question 69

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

Answer 69

Superior omohyoid - Posterior digastric - SCM

Question 70

What do you find in the carotid triangle?

Answer 70

Common, external, and internal carotid artery - Int. Jug vein - CN X, XI, XII - some cervical plexus