Brain vasculature 10/4/16 Flashcards
What are the two main arteries that supply the brain?
- Internal Carotid Artery
- Vertebral Artery
In a simplified version how many arteries supply the cortex of the brain?
three
In a simplified version how many arteries supply the cerebellum?
three
In a simplified version how many arteries supply the brainstem?
A bunch
What are the three arteries that supply the cerebral portion of the brain?
- Middle Cerebral artery
- Anterior Cerebral Artery
- Posterior Cerebral Artery
What are the three arteries that supply the cerebellum?
- Superior cerebellar
- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
What three arteries branch of off the internal carotid artery?
- Ophthalmic artery
- Anterior Cerebral
- Middle Cerebral
What artery branches off of the Vertebral Artery?
-Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
What artery is it when the the two vertebral arteries come together?
-Basilar artery
What arteries branch off of the basilar artery?
- AICA
- SCA
- Posterior Cerebral
What five arteries make up the circle of willis?
- Anterior communicating
- Anterior Cerebral
- Internal Carotid Artery
- Posterior communicating
- Posterior cerebral
What two CN are found in the midbrain?
CN III
CN IV
What four CN are found in the Pons?
CN V
CN VI
CN VII
CN VIII
What four CN are found in the Medulla?
CN IX
CN X
CN XI
CN XII
What are three tests you can perform if a patient is unconscious to test arteries and CNs?
Midbrain - pupillary light reflex
- Pons - Corneal reflex
- Medulla - Gag reflex
What is the input and output CN if the pupillary light reflex?
CN II - Input
CN III - Output
What are the input and output CNs of the corneal reflex?
input V
output VII
What are the input and output CNs of the gag reflex?
input IX
output X
What arteries supply the the midbrain?
- Basilar artery
- Posterior cerebral artery
What arteries supply the pons?
- Basilar Artery
- AICA
What arteries supply the medulla oblongata?
- Anterior spinal artery
- Vertebral artery
- PICA
If you have damage to the Middle Cerebral Artery what happens?
You lose speech function if on the dominant side
-Motor and Sensory from the hips up
If you have damage to the Anterior Cerebral Artery what happens?
You damage the paracentral lobule which loses motor control of the lower limbs
If you have damage to the Posterior Cerebral Artery what happens?
- You will have damage to vision
T/F the brain can have watershed areas
True
What are the two Dura mater folds?
Falx cerebri
-Tentorium cerebelli
What does the Falx cerebri separate?
Hemispheres
What does the tentorium cerebelli separate?
The cerebellum from the occipital lobes
What is found within dura layers?
Cranial sinuses
What is the main sinus found at the stop of the brain?
Superior sagittal sinus
What sinus do you find below the superior sagittal sinus?
Inferior sagittal sinus
What sinus do you find running across (side to side) of the brain?
Transverse sinus
What is the final sinus you go through before you enter the Internal Jugular Vein?
Sigmoid sinus
What runs through the cavernous sinus?
-CN III CN IV CN V CN VI - ICA
What are two alternate drainage routes for the face?
- Cavernous sinus
- Pterygoid plexus
What happens if you get a clot in the cavernous sinus?
-Cavernous sinus thrombosis
What is the first CN affected by a clot in the cavernous sinus?
CN VI
What are emissary veins?
Veins that drain the scalp and then enter into the brain sinuses
What clinical problem can occur when the middle meningeal artery is damaged?
- Epidural hematoma
What clinical problem can occur when the bridging veins are damaged?
Subdural hematoma
What clinical problem can occur if you have ruptured an intracranial vessel?
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
What clinical problem can occur if you have a disrupted arterial flow to a portion of cerebral parenchyma?
- Stroke
