ORAL PATHOLOGY Flashcards
(ALTERATION IN SIZE)
small teeth
Microdontia
(ALTERATION IN SIZE)
big teeth
Macrodontia
● dark or gray
● Mostly soft tissue that’s why it absorbs
radiation hence having a dark or gray image
RADIOLUCENT
extra teeth / calcification
Supernumerary
● Structures appears light or white in a
radiographic image
● Hard calcified structure
● Calcified does not let the radiation pass thru,
thus nag bobounce off ang radiation. That is
why it is color white
RADIOPAQUE OR RADIOPACITY
Absence of teeth / missing tooth
Anodontia
tooth is impacted or tooth has not erupted
properly in the oral cavity
Impaction
This term is used to describe teeth which are smaller
than normal
MICRODONTIA
● Eg. Her tooth might be smaller than hers, that
doesn’t mean she has microdontia. You have
to check in general the dentition and family
(genetic factor).
Not all small teeth are microdontia
3 types of microdontia are recognized:
- True Generalized Microdontia
- Relative Generalized Microdontia
- Microdontia involving only a single tooth
● All the teeth are smaller than normal
● Aside from its occurrence in some cases of pituitary
dwarfism, this condition is exceedingly rare.
● The teeth are reported well formed, merely small
TRUE GENERALIZED MICRODONTIA
TRUE GENERALIZED MICRODONTIA
● You have to check the jaw of the px; if the jaw
is normal in size.
● Normal jaw that houses small teeth.
● Nagkakaspace sa jaw na yun bcoz jaw develop
for normal size teeth. Pero dhil maliit teeth,
may spaces kahit complete teeth ng px.
● Normal or slightly smaller than normal teeth
● Are present in jaws that are somewhere larger than
normal and
● There is an illustration of true microdontia
RELATIVE GENERALIZED MICRODONTIA
RELATIVE GENERALIZED MICRODONTIA
● You have a large jaw. The teeth size are
normal. Nagmumukhang maliit yung teeth
due to large jaw
Large jaw
Macrognathia
Small jaw
Micrognathia
● Other teeth which are often congenitally absent, the
maxillary and mandibular second premolars, seldom
exhibit microdontia.
● Supernumerary teeth; however, a frequently small in
size
● Affects the maxillary lateral incisor, a condition that
has been called the ‘peg lateral’ .
MICRODONTIA INVOLVING A SINGLE TOOTH
● Is a rather common condition
● Affect most often that maxillary lateral incisor and the
third molar
● These two teeth are among those that are most often
congenitally missing
MICRODONTIA INVOLVING A SINGLE TOOTH
● more common
● presence of normal or slightly larger than normal
teeth in small jaws
● The disparity in size gives the illusion of macrodontia.
● As in microdontia, the importance of heredity must
be considered.
RELATIVE GENERALIZED MACRODONTIA
● Microdontia of the laterals itself
● Unusually smaller anatomy, shape & size
compared to the normal one.
● If you have this, you can retain the shape or
have veneers or composite restorations for it
to look normal
primate & leeway spaces
Peg shaped lateral
● The condition in which all teeth are larger than
normal
● Has been associated with pituitary gigantism, but is
extremely rare
TRUE GENERALIZED MACRODONTIA
● Refers to teeth that are larger than normal
MACRODONTIA
● Result of relative generalized macrodontia sa
px.
● The small jaw has difficulty accommodating
the normal size. Big teeth.
CROWDING
Relatively uncommon
the union of two or more teeth
results in a single large tooth.
hemihypertrophy of
the face,
MACRODONTIA OF SINGLE TEETH
● Congenital absence of the teeth ; no tooth bud
thus no tooth will be formed
TRUE ANODONTIA
● BStage 0-10, makikita sa radiograph kung
anong stage ng teeth magdedevelop.
● Tooth bud indicates if may tumutubong teeth
NOLLA’S STAGES OF TOOTH DEVELOPMENT
TRUE ANODONTIA
may be 2 types:
- Total
- Partial
● All teeth are missing, may involved both
deciduous and permanent dentition
● Rare condition
TOTAL ANODONTIA
“retained deciduous tooth”.
Why is a retained deciduous tooth an
indication of either anodontia/ impaction?
TOTAL ANODONTIA
Involves one or more teeth
any tooth may be congenitally
missing, there is a tendency for certain teeth to
be missing more frequently than others
HYPODONTIA / OLIGODONTIA
● Are UNCOMMON but, when occurring,
● Usually involved maxillary lateral incisor
● Mandibular lateral incisor and Mandibular
cuspids may also be missing
CONGENITALLY MISSING DECIDUOUS TEETH
● May closely resemble of the teeth of the group to
which it belongs,
● i.e. molars, premolars or anterior teeth, or it may be a
little resemblance in size or shape to the teeth with
which it is associated
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
e rare in individuals
with no other associated diseases or syndromes.
Multiple supernumerary teeth
How do you know if it is a supernumerary tooth?
Count the number of teeth present. If ang px
is gnitong age, you know ilang teeth dpt mrn.
4 DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGICAL TYPE OF
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH that have been described as:
○ Conical
○ Tuberculate
○ Supplemental
○ Odontome
● This small peg shape conical tooth is supernumerary
● Most commonly found in the permanent dentition
● Develops with root formation ahead of or as an
equivalent stage to that of permanent incisors and
usually presents as a mesiodens
CONICAL TOOTH
Found on the midline between the central
incisors.
MESIODENS
Supernumerary tooth na molar. If it is there in the molar area.
PARAMOLAR
Have more than 1 cusp or tubercle
TUBERCULATE
● Tooth within a tooth
● Extra tooth formed within the tooth.
● It is frequently described as barrel-shaped and
may be invaginated.
● Root formation is delayed compared to that of the
permanent incisors.
● Are often paired
● commonly located on the palatal aspect of the central
incisors.
● They rarely erupt and are frequently associated with
delayed eruption of the incisors.
DENS IN DENTE
● Refers to duplication of teeth in normal series and is
found at the end of a tooth series
● The most common supplemental tooth: permanent
maxillary lateral incisor,
● but supplemental premolars and molars also occur.
● The majority of supernumeraries found in the primary
dentition are of the supplemental type
● seldom remain impacted.
SUPPLEMENTAL
● By Howard, not universally accepted
● The term ‘odontoma’ refers to any tumor of
odontogenic origin.
ODONTOME
● May be composed of bone; enamel, dentin,
pulp (sometimes); periodontal ligament, PL
space (sa xray)
ODONTOMA
● Mass. Naipon na cellular structure
TUMOR
The lesion is composed of more than one type of tissue
and consequently has been called
composite
odontoma.
● The diffuse mass of dental tissue which is totally
DISORGANIZED.
COMPLEX COMPOSITE ODONTOMA
TWO TYPES OF ODONTOMA
COMPLEX COMPOSITE ODONTOMA
COMPOUND COMPOSITE ODONTOMA
● The malformation which bears some superficial
anatomical similarity to a normal tooth
COMPOUND COMPOSITE ODONTOMA
● Are individual teeth which are unerupted usually
because of a lack of eruptive force.
EMBEDDED TEETH
● Impacted teeth are those presented from erupting by
some physical barrier in the eruption path
IMPACTED TEETH
COMMON ETIOLOGIC FACTORS:
Lack of Space
Premature loss of deciduous teeth
Rotation of tooth buds
Most frequent impacted:
○ Maxillary and Mandibular 3rd Molars
○ Maxillary cuspids
○ Followed by the premolar and
Supernumerary teeth
are
more apt to exhibit severe impaction than the
maxillary teeth
Why?
mandibular teeth
Becoz less space
● Some may be partially erupted. May mga iba
nakalabas.
● Teeth that did not erupt in the oral cavity or
erupted in the oral cavity but wrong
angulation/position.
IMPACTED TEETH
