MODULE 6 Flashcards
Recording medium (image receptor)
generally used in dental radiography
Radiographic film
invisible image
Latent image
Manifest image
visible image
General Procedure:
a. Immersion of exposed films in developer solution
b. Rinsing in running water
c. Immersion in fixing solution
d. Film washing
e. Drying and mounting for viewing
Main composition of processing
solution:
- Developing solution developer
- Fixing solution
compose of elon and
hydroquinone
Developing solution developer
sodium sulfite
preservative
maintain ph of
solution (ph 11). Sodium
bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide,
sodium metaborate and
tetraborate.
activator
potassium bromide. Anti-fog agent.
restrainer
sodium or ammonium thiosulfate
clearing agent
acetic acid
acidifier
sodium sulfite
preservative
aluminum potassium sulfate and
chromium potassium sulphate
hardener
Light proof (light-tight door or a
doorless maze)
well ventilated to supply fresh air
for the comfort of the individual
working in the area
DARKROOM
The ideal darkroom should contain the following equipment:
- the safelight,
- processing tank,
- thermometer,
- timer,
- drying racks,
- sink and adequate water supply.
Causes of Faulty Radiograph
I. Light radiographs
II. Dark radiographs
III. Insufficient contrast
IV. Film fog
V. Dark spots or lines on radiographs
VI. Light spots on radiograph
VII. Yellow or brown stains on
radiographs
VIII. Blurred radiographs
IX. Radiographs with partial images
I. Light radiographs
Processing errors
- Underdevelopment
a. Temperature too low
b. Time too short
c. Inaccurate thermometer
- Depleted developer solution
- Diluted or contaminated developer
- Excessive fixation
I. Light radiographs
Underdevelopment
- Insufficient mA
- Insufficient kVp
- Insufficient time
- Excessive film-source distance
- Film packet reversed in mouth
II. Dark radiographs
A. Processing errors
- Overdevelopment
a. Temperature too high
b. Time too long - Developer concentration too
high - Inadequate fixation
- Accidental exposure to light
- Improper safe Lighting
II. Dark radiographs
B. Overexposure
- Excessive mA
- Excessive kVp
- Excessive time
4.Insufficient film-source
distance
III. Insufficient contrast
A. Underdevelopment
B. Underexposure
C. Excessive kVp
D. Excessive film fog
IV. Film fog
A. Improper safe lighting conditions
- Improper filter
- Excessive bulb wattage
- Inadequate distance between
safelight and working surface - Prolonged exposure of films to
safelight
IV. Film fog
B. Light leaks
- Cracked safelight filter
- Lights from doors, vents,
etc.
C. Overdevelopment
D. Contaminated solutions
E. Deteriorated film
1. Stored at high temperature
2.Stored at high humidity
3. Exposed to irradiation
4. Outdated
V. Dark spots or lines on radiographs
A. Fingerprint contamination
B. Black wrapping paper sticking to
film surface
C. Film in contact with tank or
another film during fixation
D. Film contaminated with
developer before processing
E. Excessive bending of films
VI. Light spots on radiograph
A. Film contaminated with
fixer before processing
B. Film in contact with tank or
another film during development
VII. Yellow or brown stains on
radiographs
A. Depleted developer
B. Depleted fixer
C. Insufficient washing
D. Contaminated solutions
VIII. Blurred radiographs
A. Movement of Patient
B. Movement of x-ray tube
head
C. Double exposure
IX. Radiographs with partial images
A. Top of film not immersed
in developing solutions
B. Misalignment of x-ray tube
head (cone cut)
