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Histopathology > Oral Mucous Membranes > Flashcards

Oral Mucous Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of oral mucous membranes?

A

Absorption, excretion, and protection

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2
Q

____ mucosa is composed of Gingiva

and Hard palate

A

Masticatory mucosa

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3
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_ mucosa is composed of:
Alveolar mucosa
• Buccal mucosa
• Floor of the mouth
• Ventral surface of the tongue
• Soft palate
A

Lining mucosa

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4
Q

_____ mucosa is composed of dorsal surface of the tongue

A

Specialized mucosa

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5
Q

What are the 4 layers of the microscopic organization of oral mucous membranes?

A

Epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa, and periosteum

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6
Q

Defined as a periosteum with a mucosal
surface, i.e., close approximation of mucous membrane
(epithelium and lamina propria) with the periosteum of
bone to form an apparent single layer.

A

Mucoperiosteum:

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7
Q

What are the 4 epithelial layers of the oral mucous membrane?

A

 Stratum Corneum
 Stratum Granulosum
 Stratum Spinosum
 Stratum Basale (a.k.a.) Stratum Germinativum

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8
Q

Characteristics of _____
 Rests on a basement membrane
 Exhibits one or more specialized intercellular
attachments (desmosomes, tonofilaments)
 Avascular (gets all nutrients from dermis)
 Exhibits a high degree of cellularity and relatively
low volume of extracellular matrix
 May exhibit cellular polarity

A

Epithelium

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9
Q

_____ of epithelium is expressed in the distribution of cytoplasmic organelles

A

Polarity

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10
Q

Refers to normal keratin formation with clinically

normal presentation.

A

Orthokeratosis

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11
Q

Retention of pyknotic nuclei in the stratum corneum

A

Parakeratosis

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12
Q

Abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum. May

exhibit aberrant patterns of keratinization.

A

Hyperkeratosis

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13
Q

Abnormal keratinization below the level of the stratum
corneum, i.e., keratinization within the stratum
granulosum and/or stratum spinosum.

A

Dyskeratosis

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14
Q

Refers to hyperplasia of the epithelial layer, i.e.,

increase in the number of cells.

A

Acanthosis

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15
Q

Loss of intercellular attachments between epithelial

cells (keratinocytes).

A

Acantholysis

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16
Q

A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by
another, e.g., transition of columnar to squamous epithelium in
the respiratory tract as a response to smoking.

A

Metaplasia

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17
Q

Refers to a disorderly but non-neoplastic growth of
tissue including the epithelial layer. Characterized by
pleomorphism, hyperchromatism, and loss of normal
spatial orientation.

A

Dysplasia

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18
Q

Which mucosa is affected by Gingival Orthokeratosis ?

A

Masticatory Mucosa

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19
Q

Which mucosa is affected by gingival parakeratosis?

A

Masticatory Mucosa

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20
Q

Which mucosa is affected by gingiva hyperkeratosis?

A

Masticatory Mucosa

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21
Q

Which mucosa is affected by acanthosis and parakeratosis?

A

Buccal lining mucosa

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22
Q

Which mucosa is affected by hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis?

A

Buccal lining mucosa

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23
Q

Which mucosa is affected by gingival dyskeratosis?

A

Masticatory Mucosa

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24
Q

Dendritic morphology (long processes)
• Located in the basal cell layer
• Synthesis of melanin pigment granules

A

melanocyte

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25
Q

• Dendritic morphology
• Located in the stratum spinosum
• Characteristic Langerhans granule (tennis racquet)
• Functions as an antigen trap in epithelium and transfers
antigen information to CD4 lymphocytes

A

Langerhans Cell

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26
Q
  • Rounded morphology
  • Located in the basal cell layer
  • Contain characteristic “dense core” granules
  • Possibly has tactile sensory functions
A

Merkel’s Cell

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27
Q

• Rounded morphology
• Found in basal and spinous cell layers
• Associated with immune surveillance and antigen
message processing
• Associated with inflammation – both humoral and
cellular response

A

Lymphocytes

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28
Q

What are the 2 layers that make up the basement membrane?

A

Basal lamina and lamina reticularis

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29
Q

What are the 2 layers that make up the basal lamina?

A

Lamina lucida and lamina densa

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30
Q

What component of the basal lamina is made up of bullous pemphigoid antigen and collagen type VII?

A

Lamina lucida

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31
Q

What component of the basal lamina is made up of type IV and VII collagen and fibronectin?

A

Lamina densa

32
Q

The ____ is made up of reticulin connective tissue, type 1 and 3 collagen and elastin connective tissue

A

Lamina reticularis

33
Q

_____ is a circular attachment that attach cells together

A

Desmosome

34
Q

_____ is half a desmosome that is found at the basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes

35
Q

____ are composed of E-cadherin and P-cadherin

A

Desmosomes

36
Q

What are the resident cells within the lamina propria?

A

Fibroblast, macrophage, Mast cell, plasma cell, and endothelial cell

37
Q

What are the transient cells in lamina propria?

A

Neutrophils and lymphocytes

38
Q 
Which layer of mucous membrane is made up of the following:
Fibroblast
• Monocyte -> Histiocyte -> Macrophage
• Basophil -> Mast Cell
• Plasma Cell
• Endothelial Cell
• Neutrophils
• Lymphocytes
A

Lamina propria

39
Q

Secrets collagen and elastin

A

Fibroblast:

40
Q

Resident precursor of functional macrophage

response

A

Histiocyte:

41
Q

Blood-borne precursor of functional macrophage

A

• Monocyte:

42
Q

Lining of blood and lymphatic vessel

A

• Endothelial:

43
Q

Phagocytic cell capable of antigen processing

A

• Macrophage:

44
Q

Secretes inflammatory mediators, e.g., histamine,

heparin

A

• Mast Cell:

45
Q

Synthesis of immunoglobulins (antibodies)

A

• Plasma Cell:

46
Q

Phagocytic cell capable of neutralizing antigens and

killing bacteria.

A

• Neutrophil:

47
Q

Humoral and cell-mediated immune

A

• Lymphocyte:

48
Q 
•“Hair-like” papillae
• Most numerous
• Highly keratinized
• Found over the entire
dorsal surface of the
tongue
A

Filiform papillae

49
Q 
•“Fungus-like” papillae
• Small round, red surface
projections (color is due
to a highly vascular
connective tissue core)
• May contain taste buds
• Commonly found at the
tip of the tongue
A

Fungiform Papillae

50
Q 
•“Leaf-like” papillae
• May contain taste buds
• Contains lymphoid
nodules with germinal
centers
• Forms part of Waldeyer’
s
Ring
• Located on the posterior
lateral margins of the
tongue
A

Foliate Papillae

51
Q 
•“Walled” papillae
• Generally 6-8 in number
• Lightly keratinized
• Located just anterior to the
sulcus terminalis on the
posterior dorsal tongue surface
• Papillae sulcus is cleared of
taste stimuli by serous salivary
glands of von Ebner
A

Circumvallate Papillae

52
Q

______ papillae tend to be more sensitive to

bitter compounds

A

Circumvallate

53
Q

______ papillae respond best to salt and sweet

stimuli

A

Fungiform

54
Q

_____ papillae show a bias for sweet

A

Foliate

55
Q

T/F: The different papillae respond to all types of taste stimuli
but display bias in their sensitivity

A

true

56
Q

Taste cells are a specialized ____ cells

A

epithelial cells

57
Q

Taste for Anterior 2/3 of tongue comes from which CN?

A 
Facial nerve (C-VII) via the
 chorda tympani branch
58
Q

Taste for Posterior 1/3 of tongue comes from which CN?

A

Glossopharyngeal (C-IX)

59
Q

Taste for Soft Palate comes from which CN?

A 
Facial nerve (C-VII) via the greater
 petrosal branch
60
Q

Taste for Walls of the pharynx & epiglottis comes from which CN?

A

Vagus nerve (C-X)

61
Q

Taste fibers from all three nerves converge in the

_____ in the brain stem

A

tractus solitarius

62
Q

____ reactions occur via drugs, hypertrophic, and luekoplastic

A

Lichenoid reaction

63
Q

unknown etiology, but T-lymphocyte
infiltrates with Langerhans cell hyperplasia are
characteristic. Consequently, cell-mediated
immune injury to basal cells is suspected.

A

Lichen Planus:

64
Q

____ is abnormal filiform papilla; increased growth

A

Hairy tongue

65
Q

___ is benign inflammation and desquamation of the tongue

A

Geographical tongue

66
Q

Thickening of the stratum corneum, often

with aberrant keratinization.

A

Hyperkeratosis:

67
Q

A white plaque of the oral mucous membranes that cannot
be removed by scraping and cannot be classified histologically as another
disease entity. Until proven otherwise, leukoplakia should be considered
precancerous.

A

Leukoplakia:

68
Q

Oral cancer accounts for about ____% of all cancers

A

3%

69
Q

The highest incidence of SCCA is in middle aged

_____

A

African-American males

70
Q

The overall male-to-female gender ratio of occurrence of SCCA is ______

A

3:1

71
Q

The most common site for oral SCCA is the posterior
______. The floor of the mouth
and ventral tongue surface are also common sites.

A

lateral border of the tongue

72
Q 
Strong relationships exist between \_\_\_\_ and:
• Tobacco smoking
• Chewing tobacco
• Alcohol consumption
• Phenol exposure
• Oncogenic viruses (Human Papilloma Virus or HPV)
• Immunosuppression (e.g., AIDS)
• Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
A

SCCA

73
Q

The lesion arises from dysplastic surface epithelium
and features alterations in size, shape, and organization
of the cellular components, including nuclear
pleomorphism.
• Lesion exhibits invasive islands and cords of malignant
squamous epithelial cells.
• There is often a strong inflammatory or immune cell
response to the invading epithelium, and focal areas of
necrosis may be present.
• Abnormal production of keratin in the form of “keratin
pearls” (i.e., a round focus of concentrically layered keratinized
cells) is a frequent finding.

A

SCCA

74
Q

Autoimmune disease
• Antigen is the adhesin protein epiligrin found in the lamina lucida
• Characterized by linear accumulations of IgG and C3 along the
basement membrane
• Affects older adults in the 50-60 year old range
• Females affected more often than males by a ratio of 2:1
• Cicatricial is derived from the word cicatrix which mean “
scar
”.
BMMP involvement of the conjunctiva of the eye results in scarring
(symblepharon).

A

Mucosal Pemphigoid

75
Q

A syndrome involving abnormal or

lack of development of ectodermal structures such as hair, eyebrows, eye lashes, and teeth.

A

Ectodermal Dysplasia:

76
Q

Considered to be reactive rather than neoplastic in nature. The lesion
is thought to represent the maturation of a pyogenic granuloma.
 Occurs exclusively on the gingiva.
 Predominantly a lesion of teenagers and young adults with peak
prevalence between the ages of 10 and 19 yrs.
 60% to 65% of cases occur in females.
 Histology reveals a gingival mass with islands of calcified material
(derived from periosteum).
 Recommended treatment is surgical excision
 Lesion is likely to recur if excision is not extensive and complete

A

Peripheral ossifying fibroma

Histopathology (10 decks)

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