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Histopathology > Facial Development > Flashcards

Facial Development Flashcards

1
Q

____ was thought to represent a portion of the tuberculum impar (branchial arch II) that persists, but now it is considered to be a result of a fungal infection (candida)

A

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

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2
Q

The blastocyst also develops an inner cell mass at days 6-7 and thereafter is referred to as the ______

A

embryoblast

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3
Q

____ brachial arch on outside grows down and covers and overgrows 3rd and 4th arches and leaves the cervical sinus

A

2nd

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4
Q

What is the stage of human development called from 9 weeks to term?

A

Fetal Development Period

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5
Q

As the body develops the head gets _____ in relation to the rest of the body over time

A

smaller

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6
Q

Space in between front teeth is known as ____

A

diastima

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7
Q

Sensory to the extreme posterior 1/3 via

the superior laryngeal branch (nerve)

A

Vegas (C-X)

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8
Q

_____ cartilage forms the mandible, maleus, and incus

A

Meckel’s

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9
Q

Small depression at the back of the tongue where thyroid forms; tissue on the back of the tongue invaginates in and makes small ball and differentiations into thyroid after descending

A

Foramen cecum

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10
Q

What is the stage of human development called from 0 -3 weeks?

A

Proliferation period

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11
Q

Branchial arch 6 is innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

CN XII

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12
Q

If one child is born with cleft lip, there is a ___% chance of a second child exhibiting the same defect

A

40%

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13
Q

_____ mesoderm is around the axis or middle

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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14
Q

____ is the precursor for posterior part of the tongue

A

Hypobranchial eminence

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15
Q

Enlargement of the amniotic cavity and migration of cells out of the hypoblast to form _______; will form the internal lining of the blastocyst cavity

A

Heuser’s membrane

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16
Q

______ is characterized by thyroid tissue on top of the tongue

A

Ectopic Lingual Thryoid

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17
Q

Fusion of the palatine shelves normally begins during ____ week of gestation and is completed by ____ week

A

Begins 8th week; completed by 12th week

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18
Q

What are the 3 components of the primitive streak?

A

Pit, node, and groove

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19
Q

Branchial arch 1 gives rise to what structures?

A

Median tongue bud, foramen cecum, and lateral lingual swellings

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20
Q

Branchial arch 4 is innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

CN X

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21
Q

The 4th branchial pouch gives rise to _____

A

superior parathyroids/ultimobranchial body

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22
Q

Motor to all tongue muscles (nerve)

A

Hypoglossal (C-XII)

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23
Q 
Special sensory (taste) to anterior 2/3 via
the chorda tympani branch (nerve)
A

Facial (C-VII)

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24
Q

______ is a cleft in epiblast that begins to invaginate in forming a 3rd layer (mesoderm)

A

Primitive Streak

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25
Failure of thyroglossal duct to involute; located in midline of neck
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
26
Ethanol, Tetracycline, Dilantin, Lithium, Methotrexate, Warfarin, Thalidomide, Androgens, Progesterone, Retinoic Acid are _____ that are known teratogens involved in congenital malformations
Drugs
27
The inner mass of the embryoblast transitions into the _________
bilaminar embryonic disc
28
____ is an extrusion of a ventricular cistern plus neural tissue
Meningoencephalocele
29
The ear develops from 6 _____?
Hilla
30
____ is an extrusion of dura and arachnoid mater out of the head
Meningocele
31
Implantation of the embryoblast in the uterine wall begins at day ____ and is complete at day ____
begins day 4; complete at day 10
32
What embryonic germ layer arises from the hypoblast layer?
Endoderm
33
The 64 cell stage morula develops an internal blastocystic cavity and thereafter is referred to as a ______
blastocyst
34
What are the 2 layers of the bilaminar embryonic disc?
Epiblast and hypoblast
35
____ occurs along the sternocleidomastoid muscle if cervical cyst doesn't resorb
Lateral Cervical cyst
36
_____ is a fatal defect characterized by lack of development of the cranium and brain
Anencephaly
37
What are the 4 branchial arch cartilages?
Meckel's, Reichart's Greater horn of hyoid and thyroid cartilage
38
____ is the precursor for the anterior part of the tongue
Lateral lingual swellings
39
What percent of all clefts are isolated cleft lip?
25%
40
What 2 embryonic germ layers arise from the epiblast layer?
Ectoderm and Mesoderm
41
The _____ functions as a primitive skeletal support of the embryo around which the axial skeleton later forms; also induces formation of somites,
Notochord
42
____ is a mass lined with tissue that is hollow
cyst
43
The 1st branchial pouch gives rise to _____
eustachian tube
44
Branchial arch 3 is innervated by what cranial nerve?
CN IX
45
What are the 4 processes in the development of the face?
Mandibular, maxillary, lateral nasal, and median nasal
46
Defective fusion of the medial nasal process with the maxillary process results in _____
Cleft lip
47
Branchial arch 2 gives rise to what structure that gets overgrown?
Copula/ Tuberculum Impar
48
Defective fusion of the palatine shelves results in ___
Cleft palate
49
____ cartilage forms the stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, and lesser horn of hyoid
Reichart's
50
Branchial arch 1 is innervated by what cranial nerve?
CN V
51
____ cells form dorsal root ganglion
Neural crest cells
52
What percent of all clefts are combined cleft lip/patate?
45%
53
Branchial arch 2 is innervated by what cranial nerve?
CN VII
54
What percent of all clefts are isolated cleft palate?
30%
55
____ are derivatives of the intermediate mesoderm
Urogenital system
56
Mitotic cleavage of zygote forms _____
blastomeres
57
mesothelial membranes that cover the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities are derivatives of ____ mesoderm
parietal mesoderm
58
___ formed from ectodermal cells derived from the primitive node. The cells then migrate within the mesodermal layer to their appropriate midline position; functions as a primitive axial skeleton for the embryo, establishing symmetry and polarity of development and induction of the somites
Notocord
59
During the 3rd week of development, the bilaminar embryonic disc is characterized by formation of what 3 things?
Primitive streak, notochord, and neural tube
60
_____ mesoderm is separated into a parietal and visceral layer
Lateral plate mesoderm
61
____ are derivates of the paraxial mesoderm
Somites
62
What is the stage of human development called from 3-8 weeks?
Embryonic period
63
The 2nd branchial pouch gives rise to _____
palatine tonsils
64
GI tract epithelium and associated glands are derivatives of the ______
endoderm
65
Methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls are _____ that are known teratogens involved in congenital malformations
Chemicals
66
______ is a condition where the spinal tube doesn't form all the way at the bottom
Spina bifida
67
_____ develops at line of fusion between palatine shelves and primary plate
Nasopalatine Duct Cyst
68
Sensory to the anterior 2/3 (nerve)
Trigeminal (C-V)
69
The 3rd branchial pouch gives rise to ______
inferior parathyroids/thymus
70
____ are the precursors of the vertebral column, ribs, associated back muscles and overlying dermis
Somites
71
Sensory to the posterior 1/3 (nerve)
Glossopharyngeal (C-IX)
72
____ is an extrusion of neural tissue plus all 3 meninges
Meningomyocele
73
Greater than or equal to 32 blastomeres is called a ____
morula
74
What are the 3 embryonic cavities?
Amniotic, yolk sac, and chorionic
75
Epidermis, hair, and nails, epithelium of the oral and nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses, salivary and endocrine glands, nervous system, and tooth enamel are derivatives of _____
ecto derm
76
Branchial arch 3 and 4 give rise to _____ (structure)
Hypobranchial eminence
77
forms the thin serous membranes that cover individual organs are derivatives of the ____ mesoderm
Visceral mesoderm
78
Fusion of the medial nasal and maxillary processes occurs when during gestation
5-6 weeks
79
Odontoblasts, truncoconal septum, pharyngeal arch cartilages, connective tissue surrounding eye pupillary and ciliary muscles, cranial nerve ganglia, dermis and hypodermis of face and neck, glial cells, schwann cells, arachnoid and pia mater, enteric ganglia, melanocytes, preaortic ganglia, adrenal medulla, dorsal root ganglia are all derivatives of _____
Neural crest cells
80
The 1st branchial groove gives rise to _____
external auditory canal
81
Fertilization of ovum yields ______
zygote
82
Cervical sinus remains past ____ week
7th week
83
Heuser's membrane will form the internal lining of the blastocyst cavity - now called the _______
yolk sac

Histopathology (10 decks)

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