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Histopathology > Facial Development > Flashcards

Facial Development Flashcards

1
Q

____ was thought to represent a portion of the tuberculum impar (branchial arch II) that persists, but now it is considered to be a result of a fungal infection (candida)

A

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

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2
Q

The blastocyst also develops an inner cell mass at days 6-7 and thereafter is referred to as the ______

A

embryoblast

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3
Q

____ brachial arch on outside grows down and covers and overgrows 3rd and 4th arches and leaves the cervical sinus

A

2nd

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4
Q

What is the stage of human development called from 9 weeks to term?

A

Fetal Development Period

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5
Q

As the body develops the head gets _____ in relation to the rest of the body over time

A

smaller

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6
Q

Space in between front teeth is known as ____

A

diastima

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7
Q

Sensory to the extreme posterior 1/3 via

the superior laryngeal branch (nerve)

A

Vegas (C-X)

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8
Q

_____ cartilage forms the mandible, maleus, and incus

A

Meckel’s

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9
Q

Small depression at the back of the tongue where thyroid forms; tissue on the back of the tongue invaginates in and makes small ball and differentiations into thyroid after descending

A

Foramen cecum

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10
Q

What is the stage of human development called from 0 -3 weeks?

A

Proliferation period

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11
Q

Branchial arch 6 is innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

CN XII

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12
Q

If one child is born with cleft lip, there is a ___% chance of a second child exhibiting the same defect

A

40%

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13
Q

_____ mesoderm is around the axis or middle

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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14
Q

____ is the precursor for posterior part of the tongue

A

Hypobranchial eminence

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15
Q

Enlargement of the amniotic cavity and migration of cells out of the hypoblast to form _______; will form the internal lining of the blastocyst cavity

A

Heuser’s membrane

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16
Q

______ is characterized by thyroid tissue on top of the tongue

A

Ectopic Lingual Thryoid

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17
Q

Fusion of the palatine shelves normally begins during ____ week of gestation and is completed by ____ week

A

Begins 8th week; completed by 12th week

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18
Q

What are the 3 components of the primitive streak?

A

Pit, node, and groove

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19
Q

Branchial arch 1 gives rise to what structures?

A

Median tongue bud, foramen cecum, and lateral lingual swellings

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20
Q

Branchial arch 4 is innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

CN X

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21
Q

The 4th branchial pouch gives rise to _____

A

superior parathyroids/ultimobranchial body

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22
Q

Motor to all tongue muscles (nerve)

A

Hypoglossal (C-XII)

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23
Q 
Special sensory (taste) to anterior 2/3 via
the chorda tympani branch (nerve)
A

Facial (C-VII)

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24
Q

______ is a cleft in epiblast that begins to invaginate in forming a 3rd layer (mesoderm)

A

Primitive Streak

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25
Q

Failure of thyroglossal duct to involute; located in midline of neck

A

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

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26
Q

Ethanol, Tetracycline, Dilantin, Lithium,
Methotrexate, Warfarin, Thalidomide,
Androgens, Progesterone, Retinoic Acid are _____ that are known teratogens involved in congenital malformations

A

Drugs

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27
Q

The inner mass of the embryoblast transitions into the _________

A

bilaminar embryonic disc

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28
Q

____ is an extrusion of a ventricular cistern plus neural tissue

A

Meningoencephalocele

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29
Q

The ear develops from 6 _____?

A

Hilla

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30
Q

____ is an extrusion of dura and arachnoid mater out of the head

A

Meningocele

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31
Q

Implantation of the embryoblast in the uterine wall begins at day ____ and is complete at day ____

A

begins day 4; complete at day 10

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32
Q

What embryonic germ layer arises from the hypoblast layer?

A

Endoderm

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33
Q

The 64 cell stage morula develops an internal blastocystic cavity and thereafter is referred to as a ______

A

blastocyst

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34
Q

What are the 2 layers of the bilaminar embryonic disc?

A

Epiblast and hypoblast

35
Q

____ occurs along the sternocleidomastoid muscle if cervical cyst doesn’t resorb

A

Lateral Cervical cyst

36
Q

_____ is a fatal defect characterized by lack of development of the cranium and brain

A

Anencephaly

37
Q

What are the 4 branchial arch cartilages?

A

Meckel’s, Reichart’s Greater horn of hyoid and thyroid cartilage

38
Q

____ is the precursor for the anterior part of the tongue

A

Lateral lingual swellings

39
Q

What percent of all clefts are isolated cleft lip?

A

25%

40
Q

What 2 embryonic germ layers arise from the epiblast layer?

A

Ectoderm and Mesoderm

41
Q

The _____ functions as a primitive skeletal support of the embryo around which the axial skeleton later forms; also induces formation of somites,

A

Notochord

42
Q

____ is a mass lined with tissue that is hollow

A

cyst

43
Q

The 1st branchial pouch gives rise to _____

A

eustachian tube

44
Q

Branchial arch 3 is innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

CN IX

45
Q

What are the 4 processes in the development of the face?

A

Mandibular, maxillary, lateral nasal, and median nasal

46
Q

Defective fusion of the medial nasal process with the maxillary process results in _____

A

Cleft lip

47
Q

Branchial arch 2 gives rise to what structure that gets overgrown?

A

Copula/ Tuberculum Impar

48
Q

Defective fusion of the palatine shelves results in ___

A

Cleft palate

49
Q

____ cartilage forms the stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, and lesser horn of hyoid

A

Reichart’s

50
Q

Branchial arch 1 is innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

CN V

51
Q

____ cells form dorsal root ganglion

A

Neural crest cells

52
Q

What percent of all clefts are combined cleft lip/patate?

A

45%

53
Q

Branchial arch 2 is innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

CN VII

54
Q

What percent of all clefts are isolated cleft palate?

A

30%

55
Q

____ are derivatives of the intermediate mesoderm

A

Urogenital system

56
Q

Mitotic cleavage of zygote forms _____

A

blastomeres

57
Q

mesothelial membranes that cover the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities are derivatives of ____ mesoderm

A

parietal mesoderm

58
Q

___ formed from ectodermal cells derived from the primitive node. The cells then migrate within the mesodermal layer to their appropriate midline position;
functions as a primitive axial skeleton for the embryo, establishing symmetry and polarity of development
and induction of the somites

A

Notocord

59
Q

During the 3rd week of development, the bilaminar embryonic disc is characterized by formation of what 3 things?

A

Primitive streak, notochord, and neural tube

60
Q

_____ mesoderm is separated into a parietal and visceral layer

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

61
Q

____ are derivates of the paraxial mesoderm

A

Somites

62
Q

What is the stage of human development called from 3-8 weeks?

A

Embryonic period

63
Q

The 2nd branchial pouch gives rise to _____

A

palatine tonsils

64
Q

GI tract epithelium and associated glands are derivatives of the ______

A

endoderm

65
Q

Methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls are _____ that are known teratogens involved in congenital malformations

A

Chemicals

66
Q

______ is a condition where the spinal tube doesn’t form all the way at the bottom

A

Spina bifida

67
Q

_____ develops at line of fusion between palatine shelves and primary plate

A

Nasopalatine Duct Cyst

68
Q

Sensory to the anterior 2/3 (nerve)

A

Trigeminal (C-V)

69
Q

The 3rd branchial pouch gives rise to ______

A

inferior parathyroids/thymus

70
Q

____ are the precursors of the vertebral column, ribs, associated back muscles and overlying dermis

A

Somites

71
Q

Sensory to the posterior 1/3 (nerve)

A

Glossopharyngeal (C-IX)

72
Q

____ is an extrusion of neural tissue plus all 3 meninges

A

Meningomyocele

73
Q

Greater than or equal to 32 blastomeres is called a ____

A

morula

74
Q

What are the 3 embryonic cavities?

A

Amniotic, yolk sac, and chorionic

75
Q

Epidermis, hair, and nails, epithelium of the oral and nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses, salivary and endocrine glands, nervous system, and tooth enamel are derivatives of _____

A

ecto derm

76
Q

Branchial arch 3 and 4 give rise to _____ (structure)

A

Hypobranchial eminence

77
Q

forms the thin serous membranes that cover individual organs are derivatives of the ____ mesoderm

A

Visceral mesoderm

78
Q

Fusion of the medial nasal and maxillary processes occurs when during gestation

A

5-6 weeks

79
Q

Odontoblasts, truncoconal septum, pharyngeal arch cartilages, connective tissue surrounding eye pupillary and ciliary muscles, cranial nerve ganglia, dermis and hypodermis of face and neck, glial cells, schwann cells, arachnoid and pia mater, enteric ganglia, melanocytes, preaortic ganglia, adrenal medulla, dorsal root ganglia are all derivatives of _____

A

Neural crest cells

80
Q

The 1st branchial groove gives rise to _____

A

external auditory canal

81
Q

Fertilization of ovum yields ______

A

zygote

82
Q

Cervical sinus remains past ____ week

A

7th week

83
Q

Heuser’s membrane will form the internal lining of the blastocyst cavity - now called the _______

A

yolk sac

Histopathology (10 decks)

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