Dentinal Pulp Flashcards
Sensory afferents from dental pulp are from which CN?
CN V
____ innervation includes both myelinated and
non-myelinated nerve axons.
Pulpal innervation
Functions of \_\_\_\_\_ include: • Embryonic induction • Formative • Protective • Reparative
dental pulp
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and Substance P are involved in _____
Vasodilation
Nonmyelinated fibers are designated as _____ fibers
and have small diameters, ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 µm
“C” fibers
T/F: Most nerve endings in pulp are for pain (free nerve
endings as sensory afferents from C-V) with a few
concerned with vasodilatation or constriction
True
They progressively
branch, passing through the subodontoblastic layer
as the parietal neural plexus called ____ plexus on
to the odontoblastic cell layer and some fibers enter
into dentinal tubules
(Rashchow’s plexus),
An _____ is defined as a dense aggregation of
neutrophils and macrophages and other inflammatory
cells within connective tissue undergoing liquefactive
necrosis.
abscess
What are the 2 compartments of dental pulp?
Odontogenic zone and pulpal core
Which layer of mature dental pulp is not cellular dense?
Pulpal core
Irregular calcified deposits along
collagen fiber bundles or within blood vessels resulting
from chronic low-grade inflammation.
Diffuse Calcifications:
True ____ contain
dentinal tubules. False ____ feature concentric layers of
calcified tissue but are void of dentinal tubules.
Pulp Stones (a.k.a. Denticles):
____ are classified as either free, attached or
embedded.
Pulp Stones
If a portion of the tooth is more mineralized, the tooth is ____ innervated
Less innervated
_____ are dense in the coronal and pulp horns
and significantly less dense in the radicular pulp
Capillary loops
_____ is a silencer of nociceptors
Endorphin
The ___ layer of dental pulp are made up of the following:
• Odontoblast cell layer
• Cell-free zone of Weil
• Cell-rich zone
• Parietal plexus of nerves (Raschkow’s plexus)
Odontogenic Zone
The ___ zone of the odontogenic zone is mostly collagen and fibroblasts
Cell rich zone
1% of myelinated nerve fibers are classified as
_____ fibers:
(A-beta) fibers
The ___ zone of the odontogenic zone contains nerve plexus
Parietal plexus
Due to the inability of pulpal tissue to swell, the
increasing edema and inflammatory cell infiltration
will eventually lead to _____ that, in turn, is
expressed clinically by persistent pain and periapical
necrosis of the PDL and associated alveolar bone.
pulpal necrosis
The dental pulp is derived from ______ cells
Neural crest cells
_____ capillaries leak serum that becomes a component of the so-called “tissue fluid”. They also contribute to swelling and edema due to significant leakage of serum in states of inflammation.
Fenestrated
Sensory afferents from \_\_\_\_ include Pain • Mechanical (pressure) • Thermal (heat) • Tactile (touch)
dental pulp
Function of pulp: has cells necessary to form some tooth anatomy
Formative
The majority of myelinated pulpal nerve axons are
_____ fibers
• Fast conducting
A-δ (A-delta):
With aging, blood vessels in pulp will exhibit changes such as ______ (atherosclerosis). If progressive
and severe, atherosclerotic plaques can result in pulpal
hypoxia due to vessel strangulation
cholesterol plaques
What are the most populous cells of pulp?
Fibroblasts
The \_\_\_ layer of dental pulp are made up of the following: • Fibroblasts • Type I and III collagen • Extracellular matrix • Blood vessels • Nerve tissue
Pulpal Core
_____ fibers are associated with sharp, localized pain.
A-δ fibers
____ is vasoactive or a precursor of epi
Dopamine
If the pulp of the tooth is more apical, the tooth is ____ innervated
Less innervated
If the pulp of the tooth is more coronal, the tooth is ____ innervated
More innervated
Continuous and ____ capillaries and lymph vessels
are found in pulp
fenestrated
What are the 4 growth factors that stimulate growth and maturation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts in pulp?
BMP(-2, 4, and 7)
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)
Dentin Matrix Protein (DMP)
Each fiber contributes at least ___ branches to
Raschkow’s plexus. Most terminate in the
plexus as free, nonmyelinated nerve endings.
8 branches
____ and ____ identified in
dental pulp include:
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
• Vasodilatation, stimulates fibroblast cell division
Substance P
• Vasodilatation, stimulates fibroblast cell division
Epinephrine
• Vasoconstrictive via arteriole smooth muscles
Norepinephrine
• Sympathetic vasoconstrictor
Dopamine
• Vasoactive or a precursor of epinephrine
Endorphin
• silencer of nociceptors (silencer of pain)
Neuropeptides and neurotransmitters
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are involved in ____
Vasoconstriction
_____ branches from the superior
cervical ganglion are primarily vasomotor
fibers to pulpal blood vessels, concerned
for the most part, with ______
Sympathetic; vasoconstriction.
What is the main collagen type of pulp?
Collagen 3
____ fibers are associated with dull, diffuse pain.
“C” fibers
Cell populations in _____ tissue include:
Odontoblasts
Fibroblasts
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Blood vessel-related cells (e.g., endothelial &
pericytes)
Neural-related cells (e.g., Schwann cells)
Lymphocytes
pulpal tissue
The ___ zone of the odontogenic zone is mostly collagen used for passage of capillaries
Cell free zone
The _______ is seen on dental radiographs
as a radiolucent area associated with the apex of the
involved tooth.
periapical necrosis
\_\_\_\_ occurs with increasing age or persistent low-grade injury, e.g., multiple restorations in a single tooth, chronic bruxism, repeated thermal insult, etc. (shrinking of pulp)
Pulpal fibrosis
Do venules or arterioles have a larger diameter?
Venule
Extracellular matrix of \_\_\_\_ tissues: Collagen types I, III, IV, and V (via odontoblasts) Non-collagenous matrix components: • Proteoglycans • Glycosaminoglycans • Phosphoproteins • Glycoproteins • γ- carboxyglutamate-containing proteins BMP-2, 4, and 7 Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Dentin Matrix Protein (DMP)
pulpal tissues
The ______ consists of loose connective tissue
derived from neural crest (ectomesenchymal) cells.
Mature dental pulp is divided into two compartments
dental pulp
Function of pulp: Pulp stimulates further development of enamel organ
Embryonic induction
