Dentinal Pulp

Question 1

Sensory afferents from dental pulp are from which CN?

Answer 1

CN V

Question 2

____ innervation includes both myelinated and

non-myelinated nerve axons.

Answer 2

Pulpal innervation

Question 3

Functions of \_\_\_\_\_ include:
• Embryonic induction
• Formative
• Protective
• Reparative

Answer 3

dental pulp

Question 4

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and Substance P are involved in _____

Answer 4

Vasodilation

Question 5

Nonmyelinated fibers are designated as _____ fibers

and have small diameters, ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 µm

Answer 5

“C” fibers

Question 6

T/F: Most nerve endings in pulp are for pain (free nerve
endings as sensory afferents from C-V) with a few
concerned with vasodilatation or constriction

Answer 6

True

Question 7

They progressively
branch, passing through the subodontoblastic layer
as the parietal neural plexus called ____ plexus on
to the odontoblastic cell layer and some fibers enter
into dentinal tubules

Answer 7

(Rashchow’s plexus),

Question 8

An _____ is defined as a dense aggregation of
neutrophils and macrophages and other inflammatory
cells within connective tissue undergoing liquefactive
necrosis.

Answer 8

abscess

Question 9

What are the 2 compartments of dental pulp?

Answer 9

Odontogenic zone and pulpal core

Question 10

Which layer of mature dental pulp is not cellular dense?

Answer 10

Pulpal core

Question 11

Irregular calcified deposits along
collagen fiber bundles or within blood vessels resulting
from chronic low-grade inflammation.

Answer 11

Diffuse Calcifications:

Question 12

True ____ contain
dentinal tubules. False ____ feature concentric layers of
calcified tissue but are void of dentinal tubules.

Answer 12

Pulp Stones (a.k.a. Denticles):

Question 13

____ are classified as either free, attached or

embedded.

Answer 13

Pulp Stones

Question 14

If a portion of the tooth is more mineralized, the tooth is ____ innervated

Answer 14

Less innervated

Question 15

_____ are dense in the coronal and pulp horns

and significantly less dense in the radicular pulp

Answer 15

Capillary loops

Question 16

_____ is a silencer of nociceptors

Answer 16

Endorphin

Question 17

The ___ layer of dental pulp are made up of the following:
• Odontoblast cell layer
• Cell-free zone of Weil
• Cell-rich zone
• Parietal plexus of nerves (Raschkow’s plexus)

Answer 17

Odontogenic Zone

Question 18

The ___ zone of the odontogenic zone is mostly collagen and fibroblasts

Answer 18

Cell rich zone

Question 19

1% of myelinated nerve fibers are classified as

_____ fibers:

Answer 19

(A-beta) fibers

Question 20

The ___ zone of the odontogenic zone contains nerve plexus

Answer 20

Parietal plexus

Question 21

Due to the inability of pulpal tissue to swell, the
increasing edema and inflammatory cell infiltration
will eventually lead to _____ that, in turn, is
expressed clinically by persistent pain and periapical
necrosis of the PDL and associated alveolar bone.

Answer 21

pulpal necrosis

Question 22

The dental pulp is derived from ______ cells

Answer 22

Neural crest cells

Question 23

_____ capillaries leak serum that becomes a component of the so-called “tissue fluid”. They also contribute to swelling and edema due to significant leakage of serum in states of inflammation.

Answer 23

Fenestrated

Question 24

Sensory afferents from \_\_\_\_ include
 Pain
• Mechanical (pressure)
• Thermal (heat)
• Tactile (touch)

Answer 24

dental pulp

Question 25

Function of pulp: has cells necessary to form some tooth anatomy

Answer 25

Formative

Question 26

The majority of myelinated pulpal nerve axons are _____ fibers • Fast conducting

Answer 26

A-δ (A-delta):

Question 27

With aging, blood vessels in pulp will exhibit changes such as ______ (atherosclerosis). If progressive and severe, atherosclerotic plaques can result in pulpal hypoxia due to vessel strangulation

Answer 27

cholesterol plaques

Question 28

What are the most populous cells of pulp?

Answer 28

Fibroblasts

Question 29

``` The ___ layer of dental pulp are made up of the following: • Fibroblasts • Type I and III collagen • Extracellular matrix • Blood vessels • Nerve tissue ```

Answer 29

Pulpal Core

Question 30

_____ fibers are associated with sharp, localized pain.

Answer 30

A-δ fibers

Question 31

____ is vasoactive or a precursor of epi

Answer 31

Dopamine

Question 32

If the pulp of the tooth is more apical, the tooth is ____ innervated

Answer 32

Less innervated

Question 33

If the pulp of the tooth is more coronal, the tooth is ____ innervated

Answer 33

More innervated

Question 34

Continuous and ____ capillaries and lymph vessels | are found in pulp

Answer 34

fenestrated

Question 35

What are the 4 growth factors that stimulate growth and maturation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts in pulp?

Answer 35

BMP(-2, 4, and 7)  Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)  Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)  Dentin Matrix Protein (DMP)

Question 36

Each fiber contributes at least ___ branches to Raschkow’s plexus. Most terminate in the plexus as free, nonmyelinated nerve endings.

Answer 36

8 branches

Question 37

____ and ____ identified in dental pulp include:  Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) • Vasodilatation, stimulates fibroblast cell division  Substance P • Vasodilatation, stimulates fibroblast cell division  Epinephrine • Vasoconstrictive via arteriole smooth muscles  Norepinephrine • Sympathetic vasoconstrictor  Dopamine • Vasoactive or a precursor of epinephrine  Endorphin • silencer of nociceptors (silencer of pain)

Answer 37

Neuropeptides and neurotransmitters

Question 38

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are involved in ____

Answer 38

Vasoconstriction

Question 39

_____ branches from the superior cervical ganglion are primarily vasomotor fibers to pulpal blood vessels, concerned for the most part, with ______

Answer 39

Sympathetic; vasoconstriction.

Question 40

What is the main collagen type of pulp?

Answer 40

Collagen 3

Question 41

____ fibers are associated with dull, diffuse pain.

Answer 41

“C” fibers

Question 42

Cell populations in _____ tissue include:  Odontoblasts  Fibroblasts  Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells  Macrophages  Dendritic cells  Blood vessel-related cells (e.g., endothelial & pericytes)  Neural-related cells (e.g., Schwann cells)  Lymphocytes

Answer 42

pulpal tissue

Question 43

The ___ zone of the odontogenic zone is mostly collagen used for passage of capillaries

Answer 43

Cell free zone

Question 44

The _______ is seen on dental radiographs as a radiolucent area associated with the apex of the involved tooth.

Answer 44

periapical necrosis

Question 45

``` ____ occurs with increasing age or persistent low-grade injury, e.g., multiple restorations in a single tooth, chronic bruxism, repeated thermal insult, etc. (shrinking of pulp) ```

Answer 45

Pulpal fibrosis

Question 46

Do venules or arterioles have a larger diameter?

Answer 46

Venule

Question 47

``` Extracellular matrix of ____ tissues:  Collagen types I, III, IV, and V (via odontoblasts)  Non-collagenous matrix components: • Proteoglycans • Glycosaminoglycans • Phosphoproteins • Glycoproteins • γ- carboxyglutamate-containing proteins  BMP-2, 4, and 7  Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)  Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)  Dentin Matrix Protein (DMP) ```

Answer 47

pulpal tissues

Question 48

The ______ consists of loose connective tissue derived from neural crest (ectomesenchymal) cells. Mature dental pulp is divided into two compartments

Answer 48

dental pulp

Question 49

Function of pulp: Pulp stimulates further development of enamel organ

Answer 49

Embryonic induction