Oral microbiology Flashcards
Are most microbes of the mouth aerobes or anaerobes?
Anaerobes
This is a film of bacterial cells anchored in a polysaccharide matrix
Plaque
This product from bacterial carbohydrate fermentation attacks tooth enamel
Acid
This is progressive decalcification of the enamel and dentin of a tooth
Dental caries
Inflammation of the pulp of a tooth
Pulpitis
This is an abscess at the apex of a tooth, usually resulting from dental caries
Periapical abscess
Inflammation of the gums characterized by redness, swelling, and a tendency to bleed
Gingivitis
This is a connective tissue consisting of cementum, the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingival tissue
Periodontium
Poor dental health can increase the risk of this type of disease
Heart disease
(allows bacteria to enter the bloodstream and travel to the heart)
The Lancefield typing scheme involves detection of this specific component of Streptococci
Carbohydrates
Strep pyogens belongs to the Lancefield typing group
Group A
Streptococcus mutans is in this Strep group
Viridans streptococci
This bacteria has the virulence factor glycosyltransferase, which converts sucrose to glucans, causing teeth decay
Strep mutans
Strep mutans have this virulence factor, which converts sucrose to glucans which damage teeth
Glycosyltransferases (GTF)
Dental caries are most commonly caused by this bacteria, which is acidogenic, acid tolerant, and results in the production of glucans
Strep mutans
Teeth become susceptible to dental caries primarily due to surface irregularities and low content of this molecule
Fluoride
Inflammation of the junction between the gums and teeth
Typically involves several, primarily anaerobic bacteria (Actinomyces, actinobacillus, Bacteroides)
Common cause of tooth loss
Periodontal disease
Are Actinomyces species gram positive or negative?
Positive
Macroscopic colonies of this bacterial species resemble grains of sand and are visible in the abscess and sinus tracts
Actinomyces
Colonies of this bacteria are called sulfur granules due to their yellow or orange appearance
Actinomyces
This bacteria has molar tooth morphology
Actinomyces
Chronic, slow growing infection characterized by the formation of chronic granulomatous lesions
Lesions are suppurative and form abscesses connected by sinus tracts
Tissue swelling with fibrosis leads to scarring and disfigurement
Actinomycosis
Is there human to human spread of Actinomycosis?
No - infections are endogenous and linked to poor dental hygiene, invasive dental procedures, or oral trauma
This bacterial species has colonies called sulfur granules
Actinomyces
Colonies of this bacterial species are white/yellow with a domed, irregular surface that resembles the top of a molar
Actinomyces
Mumps belongs to this viral family
Paramyxovirus
How long is the incubation period of Mumps virus?
16-18 days
What type of genome does Mumps virus have?
-ssRNA
Is Mumps virus enveloped?
Yes
Is HSV enveloped?
Yes
What type of genome does HSV have?
dsDNA
This type of HSV most commonly causes oral infections
HSV-1
This type of HSV most commonly causes genital infections
HSV-2
Condition characterized by fever, small blisters in mouth that break in a day or two; produce painful superficial ulcers
Recurrent cold sores usually less severe
Tingling, itching, burning; blisters, ulcerations usually heal within 7-10 days
Oral herpes simplex virus
Are recurrent cold sores due to HSV usually less or more severe?
Less
Can oral HSV be transmitted to infants?
Yes
Gingivostomatitis and pharyngitis are the most frequent clinical manifestations of first-episode infection with this virus
Painful but benign vascular lesions
Clear lesions on an erythematous base (dewdrop on a rose petal)
HSV-1
This is a finger infection of HSV, and nurses and dental hygienists are at risk
Herpetic whitlow
This is the most frequently identified cause of sporadic viral encephalitis
HSV-1
This drug is the treatment for HSV
Acyclovir
(targets HSV DNA polymerase - does not affect latent virus so it does not cure)
Coxsackie viruses belong to this viral family
Picornaviridae
Is Coxsackie virus enveloped?
No
What type of genome does Coxsackie virus have?
+ssRNA
Condition characterized by vesicular ulcerated lesions around the soft palate and uvula, tonsil and back of the throat
Herpangina
(caused by Coxsackie virus)
Is Herpangina caused by Coxsackie virus serious?
Self-limiting
Symptom treatment
This condition is characterized by lesions primarily in the anterior oral cavity, especially on the inner surface of the lips, buccal mucosa, and tongue
Prominent systemic toxicity, and cervical lymphadenitis are additional features
Gingivostomatitis
(often caused by HSV)
Does this describe infection caused by HSV or Coxsackie:
Prominent systemic toxicity and cervical lymphadenitis are also seen
Primary HSV infection
(these are NOT seen in herpangina)
Recurrent large ulcerative lesions on the lips, tongue, and buccal mucosa among older children, adolescents, and adults
Aphthous stomatitis (Canker sore)
This virus causes Herpangina
Coxsackie
This virus causes Hand, foot and mouth disease
Coxsackie (usually A16)
This condition involves lesions that are tender and consist of mixed papules and clear vesicles with a surrounding zone of erythema
Usually by Coxsackie A16
Mildly febrile and subsides in a few days
Hand, foot and mouth disease
HPV has this type of genome
dsDNA
Is HPV enveloped?
No
Does HPV genome integrate into host genome?
No
This HPV protein prevents the acidification of endosomes
Stimulates the transforming activity of EGF receptor, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation
E5
This HPV protein binds to p53, accelerating its degradation, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation
Impedes apoptosis
E6
This HPV protein binds to and inactivates retinoblastoma protein leading to genomic instability and cancer development
Impedes apoptosis
E7
What is the treatment for Candida albicans infection?
Mild disease = triazoles
Severe infection = polyenes
