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GI - Week 1 > Oral cavity & esophagus histology > Flashcards

Oral cavity & esophagus histology Flashcards

1
Q

This division of the oral cavity is the space between the lips, cheeks, and the teeth

A

Oral vestibule

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2
Q

This division of the oral cavity that lies behind the teeth and is bounded by the hard and soft palates superiorly, tongue and floor of mouth inferiorly, and entrance of the oropharynx posteriorly

A

Oral cavity proper

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3
Q

The oral cavity is lined by a mucous membrane (the oral mucosa) consisting of this type of epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

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4
Q

The oral cavity is lined by a mucous membrane (the oral mucosa) and this underlying connective tissue layer

A

Lamina propria

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5
Q

Lining mucosa is made of this type of epithelium

A

Non-keratinized, stratified squamous

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6
Q

A lamina propria underlies the lining mucosa, and this sits deep to the lamina propria

A

Submucosa

contains salivary glands

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7
Q

Skin has this type of epithelium

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

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8
Q

Lips have this type of epithelium

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

(except at transitions - then parakeratinized)

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9
Q

Oral mucosa has this type of epithelium

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous

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10
Q

In parakeratinized epithelium, does the cytoplasm stain intensely with eosin?

A

No

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11
Q

This is the transition zone between the mucous membrane and the skin

A

Transition (Vermillion) zone

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12
Q

This zone contains long connective tissue papillae that extend deep into the epithelium, and house an abundance of sensory innervation such as Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Transition (Vermillion) Zone

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13
Q

Why do lips appear red?

A

Because capillaries are carried close to the surface of papillae of the Transition (Vermillion) Zone

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14
Q

Are there salivary glands in the Transition (Vermillion) Zone?

A

NO

this is the reason for chapstick

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15
Q

This defines the areas of the lips versus the surrounding skin

A

Mucocutaneous lines

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16
Q

Masticatory mucosa has this type of epithelium

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

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17
Q

This type of mucosa is found on the lips, cheeks, alveolar mucosal surface, floor of the mouth, soft palate, ventral (inferior surface of tongue)

A

Lining mucosa

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18
Q

This type of mucosa is found on surfaces dealing with mastication and abrasion including gums, and the hard palate

A

Masticatory mucosa

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19
Q

This type of mucosa lacks a stratum lucidum

A

Masticatory mucosa

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20
Q

This type of mucosa is associated with the sensation of taste and is restricted to the dorsal surface of the tongue

A

Specialized mucosa

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21
Q

Specialized mucosa has this type of epithelium

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous

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22
Q

In the tongue, there are layers of skeletal muscle fibers with this orientation

A

Perpendicular to each other

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23
Q

Does the tongue have salivary glands?

A

Yes - numerous minor salivary glands

And surface stratified squamous epithelium with lingual papillae

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24
Q

The tongue is functionally divided into three parts by this

A

Sulcus terminalis

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25
Q

These two cranial nerves provide motor innervation to the tongue

A

CN XII and X

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26
Q

This nerve provides general sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 portion of the tongue

A

Lingual nerve - branch of CN V3

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27
Q

This nerve provides taste innervation to the anterior 2/3 portion of the tongue

A

Chorda tympani nerve - branch of CN VII

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28
Q

This nerve provides general sensory innervation and taste to the posterior 1/3 portion of the tongue

A

CN IX

(internal laryngeal nerve of CN X provides sensory and taste to a small region near the epiglottis)

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29
Q

This covers the dorsum of the tongue and are used for taste perception (specialized mucosa)

A

Lingual papillae

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30
Q

Are lingual papillae found on the ventral or dorsal side of the tongue?

A

Dorsum

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31
Q

This type of lingual papillae appears as slim, cone-shaped projections organized in rows parallel to the sulcus terminalis

A

Filiform papillae

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32
Q

do Filiform papillae possess taste buds?

A

No

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33
Q

Filiform papillae are composed of this type of epithelium

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

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34
Q

This type of lingual papillae serves a mechanical role, and is the smallest and most numerous type

A

Filiform papillae

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35
Q

This type of lingual papillae appears as mushroom-shaped papillae with erythematous domes

A

Fungiform papillae

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36
Q

This type of lingual papillae is located on the lateral aspects and at the apex of the tongue

A

Fungiform papillae

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37
Q

Is epithelium of Fungiform papillae keratinized?

A

Non-keratinized or lightly keratinized

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38
Q

Does Fungiform papillae have taste buds?

A

Some (a few scattered taste buds)

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39
Q

This type of lingual papillae has a highly vascularized connective tissue core; forms the center and projects into the base of the surface epithelium

A

Fungiform papillae

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40
Q

This type of lingual papillae appears as small red dots when the dorsal surface of the tongue is examined by gross inspection

A

Fungiform papillae

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41
Q

Is Filiform or Fungiform papillae larger?

A

Fungiform papillae

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42
Q

This type of lingual papillae consists of parallel low ridges separated by deep mucosal clefts

A

Foliate papillae

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43
Q

This type of lingual papillae is located posteriorly on the lateral tongue borders

A

Foliate papillae

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44
Q

Does Foliate papillae contained keratinized epithelium?

A

No - is covered by non-keratinized epithelium

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45
Q

Does Foliate papillae contain taste buds?

A

Yes - contains numerous taste buds on their lateral surfaces

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46
Q

This type of lingual papillae appears as large, dome-shaped structures

A

Vallate papillae

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47
Q

This type of lingual papillae resides in the mucosa just anterior to the sulcus terminalis

A

Vallate papillae

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48
Q

Each of this type of lingual papillae is surrounded by a deep trench or cleft

A

Vallate papillae

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49
Q

This type of lingual papillae has connective tissue that contains many serous (von Ebner’s) glands that open via ducts into the bottom of the trench

A

Vallate papillae

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50
Q

Do Vallate papillae contain taste buds?

A

Yes - numerous taste buds are on the lateral walls

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51
Q

Are Vallate papillae covered by epithelium that is keratinized?

A

May be slightly keratinized

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52
Q

Taste buds are present on these three types of lingual papillae

A

Fungiform
Foliate
Circumvallate

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53
Q

In the tongue, these cells form synapses with the processes of afferent sensory neurons of CN VII, IX, or X at their bases

A

Neuroepithelium (sensory) cells

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54
Q

Do supporting cells (gustatory cells) of the tongue synapse with nerve fibers?

A

No

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55
Q

The striated muscle of the tongue is arranged in bundles that generally run in these three planes

A

Oblique
Longitudinal
Transverse

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56
Q

Do major or minor salivary glands have a capsule?

A

Major
(parotid, submandibular, sublingual)

Surrounded by a capsule of moderately dense connective tissue

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57
Q

This part of salivary glands contains the larger blood vessels and excretory ducts

A

Septa

(which divide the secretory portions of the glands into lobes and lobules)

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58
Q

This is the basic secretory unit of salivary glands, and it consists of the acinus, intercalated duct, striated duct, and excretory duct

A

Salivon

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59
Q

This part of the salivon is a blind sac of secretory cells

A

Acinus

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60
Q

These secretory cells have apical cytoplasmic granules used for storage (zymogen)
Large amounts of rER, ribosomes, a prominent Golgi, and secretory granules

A

Serous cells

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61
Q

These secretory cells stain darkly with H&E

A

Serous cells

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62
Q

This part of serous cells stains with hematoxyline because of the rER and free ribosomes

A

Basal cytoplasm

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63
Q

This part of serous cells stains with eosin because of the secretory granules

A

Apical region

64
Q

These secretory cells produce a thin watery secretion

A

Serous cells
(secretion is rich in enzymes)

65
Q

These secretory cells undergo cyclic activity
Secretion is synthesized and stored within the cell as mucinogen granules

A

Mucous cells

66
Q

The apical portion of these secretory cells appears empty on H&E stain

A

Mucous cells
(since mucinogen is lost in H&E stained paraffin sections)

67
Q

In the salivon, secretion from the acinus is drained by this

A

Intercalated duct

68
Q

The intralobular intercalated duct is lined by this type of epithelium

A

Simple cuboidal

69
Q

Is the intercalated duct intra- or inter-lobulated?

A

Intralobulated

70
Q

Is the striated duct intra- or inter-lobulated?

A

Intralobular

71
Q

Is the excretory duct intra- or inter-lobulated?

A

Interlobular

72
Q

The intralobular intercalated duct merges into this

A

Intralobular striated duct

73
Q

The intralobular striated duct is lined with striated cuboidal epithelium that becomes this

A

Columnar epithelium, with distinct basal striations

74
Q

This part of the salivon is striated cuboidal that becomes columnar epithelium with distinct basal striations

A

Intralobular striated duct

75
Q

Secretions flow from the intralobular striated duct into this

A

Interlobular excretory duct

76
Q

This duct of the salivon is surrounded by connective tissue

A

Interlobular excretory duct

77
Q

This is an artifact of traditional fixation methods of the salivon, and is removed with rapid freezing

A

Serous demilune

78
Q

The interlobular excretory duct is lined by this type of epithelium

A

Stratified cuboidal or columnar

79
Q

These ducts of the salivon have been shown to have the ability to divide and differentiate into secretory or ductal cells
Are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Intercalated ducts

80
Q

These ducts of the salivon are poorly developed in mucous glands, and in serous or mixed glands have been shown to secrete HCO3- and absorb Cl- from the acinar product

A

Intercalated ducts

81
Q

In serous or mixed glands, Intercalated ducts secrete this compound

82
Q

In serous or mixed glands, intercalated ducts absorb this compound from the acinar product

83
Q

These ducts of the salivon are made up of striated columnar epithelium
Allow for a greater area of the membrane available for exchange of water and ions

A

Striated ducts

84
Q

These ducts of the salivon are lined by ion-transporting cells that remove Na+ and Cl- ions from the luminal fluid, and actively pump K+ ion into it

A

Striated ducts

85
Q

Striated ducts are lined by ion-transporting cells that remove these ions from the luminal fluid

A

Na+ and Cl-

86
Q

Striated ducts are lined by ion-transporting cells that actively pump this ion into the luminal fluid

87
Q

These ducts of the salivon are lined by pseudostratified or stratified cuboidal epithelium proximally, and more distal parts become stratified columnar epithelium

A

Interlobular excretory ducts

88
Q

The main duct of the salivary gland is lined by this type of epithelium

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous

89
Q

Excretory ducts are lined by this type of epithelium proximally

A

Pseudostratified or stratified cuboidal

90
Q

Excretory ducts are lined by this type of epithelium distally

A

Stratified columnar

91
Q

These are also known as Basket cells
Are contractile cells with long processes that extend around the secretory acinus

A

Myoepithelial cells

92
Q

Myoepithelial cells are contractile cells with long processes that extend around this

A

Secretory acinus

93
Q

Myoepithelial cells are located between the basal plasma membrane of secretory cells and the basement membrane of these ducts

A

Intercalated ducts

94
Q

The function of Myoepithelial cells is to facilitate movement of saliva into the ductal system by this action

A

Contraction

95
Q

What is the main function of Myoepithelial cells?

A

Facilitate movement of saliva into the ductal system by contraction

96
Q

Are Myoepithelial cells associated with serous or mucous acini?

97
Q

What type of gland is the parotid gland?

98
Q

The parotid glands empty opposite the second upper molar on either side via this structure

A

Stensen’s duct

99
Q

This major salivary gland consists entirely of serous acini with cells

A

Parotid gland

100
Q

This major salivary gland produces amylase for storage in secretory granules

A

Parotid gland

101
Q

Large amounts of adipose tissue often occur in this major salivary gland
Is a distinguishing feature

A

Parotid gland

102
Q

The parotid gland produces this enzyme for storage in secretory granules

103
Q

This is the largest of the salivary glands

A

Parotid gland

104
Q

This salivary gland duct opens in the floor of the oral cavity at a sublingual papillae, one on each side of the frenulum linuae

A

Submandibular (Wharton’s) duct

105
Q

Wharton’s duct is associated with this major salivary gland

A

Submandibular gland

106
Q

What type of salivary gland is the submandibular gland?

A

Mixed, but mostly serous

107
Q

Is the sublingual anterior or posterior to the submandibular gland?

108
Q

The mucous cells of this major salivary gland have well-preserved round mucinogen granules

A

Sublingual gland

109
Q

This major salivary gland has mucous and serous cells aligned to surround the acinus lumen, but mostly mucous

A

Sublingual gland

110
Q

What type of salivary gland is the sublingual gland?

A

Mixed, mostly mucous

111
Q

This is the name for the immunological tonsillar ring, located at the shared entrance to the digestive and respiratory tracts

A

Waldeyer’s ring

112
Q

These are the four tonsils that make up Waldeyer’s ring

A

Palatine
Tubal
Pharyngeal (adenoid)
Lingual

113
Q

This alimentary canal layer is for protection, absorption, and secretion

A

Mucosa - lining epithelium

114
Q

This alimentary canal layer is connective tissue, associated with GALT

A

Mucosa - lamina propria

115
Q

This alimentary canal layer is the smooth muscle

A

Muscularis mucosa

116
Q

This alimentary canal layer is dense irregular connective tissue that contains glands and blood vessels

117
Q

What layer of the alimentary canal contains glands and blood vessels?

118
Q

This plexus is located between the submucosa and muscularis externa layers of the alimentary canal

A

Submucosal / Meissner’s plexus

119
Q

This alimentary canal layer contains the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle

A

Muscularis externa

120
Q

This plexus is located between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers of the alimentary canal

A

Myenteric / Auerbach’s plexus

121
Q

This plexus of the alimentary canal functions in secretion and blood flow

A

Submucosal / Meissner’s plexus

122
Q

This plexus of the alimentary canal functions in motility

A

Myenteric / Auerbach’s plexus

123
Q

The submucosal / Meissner’s plexus is located between these layers of the alimentary canal

A

Submucosa and Muscularis externa

124
Q

The Myenteric / Auerbach’s plexus is located between these layers of the alimentary canal

A

Circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers

125
Q

This is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal

126
Q

This is the outermost layer of the alimentary canal

127
Q

The esophagus can be divided into these three sections

A

Upper, middle, lower

128
Q

Is the trachea anterior or posterior to the esophagus?

129
Q

The mucosa of the esophagus is lined by this type of epithelium

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

130
Q

The esophagus has lymphatic nodules in this layer of the mucosa

A

Lamina propria

131
Q

This part of the esophagus is thick in the proximal portion to aid in swallowing

A

Muscularis mucosae

132
Q

This layer of the esophagus has increased lymphatic tissue in upper and lower portions (due to presence of submucosal glands)

133
Q

The Meissner’s plexus is present in this layer of the esophagus

134
Q

The Auerbach’s plexus is present in this layer of the esophagus

A

Muscularis externa

135
Q

The proximal 1/3 of the esophagus is made up of this type of muscle

136
Q

The middle 1/3 of the esophagus is made up of this type of muscle

A

Both striated and smooth muscle

137
Q

The distal 1/3 of the esophagus is made up of this type of muscle

A

Smooth muscle

138
Q

This portion of the esophagus is made up of striated muscle

A

Proximal 1/3

139
Q

This portion of the esophagus is made up of both striated and smooth muscle

A

Middle 1/3

140
Q

This portion of the esophagus is made up of smooth muscle

A

Distal 1/3

141
Q

The esophagus is fixed to adjoining structure and lined by adventitia in this part of the body

A

Retroperitoneal
Before it passes through the abdomen or passes through the body wall

142
Q

The esophagus is covered by visceral peritoneum and serosa in this part of the body

A

Intraperitoneal
While passing through the body cavities

143
Q

Does the muscle of the esophageal wall receive autonomic or somatic innervation?

A

Both

The striated musculature in the upper portion of the esophagus is innervated by somatic motor neurons of CN X (nucleus ambiguus)
Lower portion of the esophagus is innervated by visceral motor neurons of CN X (dorsal motor nucleus)

144
Q

Is the upper or lower part of the esophagus innervated by somatic motor neurons of CN X (nucleus ambiguus)?

145
Q

Is the upper or lower part of the esophagus innervated by visceral motor neurons of CN X (dorsal motor nucleus)?

146
Q

Esophageal glands proper are in this layer of the esophagus

147
Q

Esophageal glands proper are in this part of the esophagus

A

Scattered along all of the esophagus

148
Q

These submucosal glands of the esophagus are small mucous glands with a small portion of serous cells

A

Esophageal glands proper

149
Q

Esophageal cardiac glands are found in this layer of the esophagus

A

Lamina propria (mucosa)

150
Q

Esophageal cardiac glands are located in this portion of the esophagus

A

Terminal portion
(sometimes also most superior portion)

151
Q

These glands of the esophagus secrete neutral mucus, and protect the esophagus from gastric acid

A

Cardiac glands

152
Q

Are Esophageal glands proper serous or mucous glands?

A

Mucous glands, with a small portion of serous cells

153
Q

Are esophageal cardiac glands serous or mucous?

A

Mucous
(Secrete neutral mucus, protect esophagus from gastric acid)

154
Q

The stomach is lined by this type of epithelium

A

Simple columnar

155
Q

This condition can be due to a decrease in lower esophageal sphincter tone and reflux that causes the replacement of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with intestinal epithelium

A

Barrett’s esophagus

156
Q

Barrett’s esophagus can be due to a decrease in tone in this part of the esophagus

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

157
Q

Barrett’s esophagus can be due to chronic condition with this

GI - Week 1 (11 decks)

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