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CEE 1 > [ORAL EXAM] Anaphy > Flashcards

[ORAL EXAM] Anaphy Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulates red blood cell production

A

Erythropoietin

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2
Q

Active form of Vitamin D

A

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (Calcitriol)

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3
Q

Structural and functional units of the kidneys

A

Nephrons

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4
Q

Nephrons is composed of what

A
  1. Renal Corpuscle
  2. Renal Tubule
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5
Q

Actual site for filtration

A

Renal corpuscle

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6
Q

What does renal corpuscle consist of

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Glomerular Capsule
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7
Q

Knot of capillaries made of podocytes

A

Glomerulus

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8
Q

Arises from a cortical radiate artery and feeds the glomerulus

A

Afferent Arteriole

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9
Q

Receives blood that has passed through the glomerulus

A

Efferent Arteriole

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10
Q

Cup-shaped hollow structure that completely surrounds the glomerulus

A

Glomerular Capsule

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11
Q

First part of the renal tubule

A

Glomerular Capsule

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12
Q

Where renal tubule ends

A

Collecting duct

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13
Q

Medial indentation where several structure enter and exit the kidney

A

Renal Hilum

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14
Q

Where secretion and absorption takes place

A

Peritubular capillaries

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15
Q

What way does blood enter the glomerulus through podocytes?

A

Passive Diffusion

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16
Q

Nonselective, passive process in which fluid passes from the blood in the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule

A

Glomerular Filtration

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17
Q

What can pass through glomerulus

A

Water, Glucose, Amino Acids, Ions

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18
Q

What cannot pass through glomerulus

A

Proteins, Blood Cells

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19
Q

Refers to the blood pressure

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

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20
Q

Decrease in urine output

A

Oliguria

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21
Q

No urine output

A

Anuria

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22
Q

Excessive urine output

A

Polyuria

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23
Q

Transports needed filtrates into the tubule cells (urine to blood)

A

Tubular Reabsorption

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24
Q

What substances are reabsorbed:

A

Water
Ions
Amino Acids
Glucose

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25
What substances reabsorbed in PCT?
NaCl, Bicarbonate, Glucose, Amino Acids, H2O
26
What substances reabsorbed in Loop of Henle?
NaCl, Water
27
What substances reabsorbed in DCT?
NaCl, Water, Urea
28
Tubular reabsorption in reverse
Tubular secretion
29
What substances secreted in PCT?
Drugs, Hydrogen Ions
30
What substances secreted in DCT?
Potassium
31
Trigger for Aldosterone Release caused by low blood pressure
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
32
What does RAAS release?
Renin
33
What converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I
Renin
34
What converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)
35
What converts Angiotensin II to Angiotensin III
Aminopeptidase A
36
Where does ACE come from?
Lungs
37
Diuretics: Acetazolamide
PCT
38
Diuretics: Osmotic Agents (Mannitol)
PCT Loop of Henle (Thin Descending) DCT
39
Diuretics: Loop Agents
Loop of Henle (Thick Ascending)
40
Diuretics: Thiazides
DCT
41
Diuretics: Aldosterone Antagonist
Collecting Duct
42
Diuretics: ADH Antagonist
Collecting Duct
43
Diuretics: Adenosine
PCT Loop of Henle (Thin Ascending) DCT
44
Diuretics: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors a. Where does it take effect? b. What does it target?
a. PCT b. Carbonic Anhydrase
45
Diuretics: Loop Diuretics a. Where does it take effect? b. What does it target?
a. Loop of Henle (Thick Ascending Limb) b. Sodium Potassium Channel
46
Diuretics: Thiazides a. Where does it take effect? b. What does it target?
a. DCT b. Sodium Chloride Channel
47
Diuretics: Potassium Sparing Diuretics a. Where does it take effect? b. What does it target?
a. Cortical Collecting Tubule b. Targets various channels
48
Diuretics: Vasopressin Antagonists a. Where does it take effect? b. What does it target?
a. Medullary Collecting Duct b. Aquaporins
49
Having both endocrine and exocrine function
Mixed gland
50
Produces the hormones secreted by the pancreas
Pancreatic islets
51
Produced by beta cells
Insulin
52
Produced by alpha cells
Glucagon
53
become Hypoglycemic
Insulin
54
become Hyperglycemic
Glucagon
55
breakdown of glucose
Glycolysis
56
breakdown of glycogen
Glycogenolysis
57
formation of glucose
Gluconeogenesis
58
formation of glycogen
Glycogenesis
59
Diabetes caused by pregnancy
Gestational Diabetes
60
Diabetes that have different root or causes
Secondary Diabetes
61
Problem with the immune system attacking the beta cell
Type 1 Diabetes
62
Autoimmune disease diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
63
Insulin Resistance type of diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
64
Management of type 1 diabetes
Insulin
65
Management of type 2 diabetes
OHAs (Oral Hypoglycemic Agents) although insulin can also be given
66
Primary Control System of the Body
Nervous System
67
Consists of brain and spinal cord
CNS interprets in coming sensory information
68
Consists of spinal and cranial nerves
PNS carry impulses to and from the brain&spinalcord
69
Carry information to the CNS
Sensory Division (Afferent)
70
Sensory (Afferent) Division Consists of what:
Somatic Sensory Afferent Visceral Sensory Afferent
71
Carries information from CNS to receptor organs
Motor Division (Efferent)
72
Motor (Efferent) Division Consists of what:
Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System
73
Parasympathetic fibers release what
acetylcholine
74
Sympathetic postganglionic fibers release what
norepinephrine
75
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release what
acetylcholine
76
What channels open during Depolarization
Sodium Channels
77
Influx of Sodium
Depolarization
78
What happens if enough sodium has entered the cell
Action Potential
78
Fibers with what conducts nerve impulses more quickly
Myelin Sheath
79
When decrease in voltage is below -70
Hyperpolarization
79
Action Potential AKA
Nerve Impulse
79
When plasma membrane is at rest or inactive
Polarized
80
Efflux of Potassium
Repolarization
80
Mechanism that restores the resting membrane voltage and intracellular ionic concentration
Sodium-Potassium Pump
80
In sodium-potassium pump how many sodium go out and how many potassium go in
3 Sodium 2 Potassium

CEE 1 (12 decks)

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