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CEE 1 > [ORAL EXAM] Anaphy > Flashcards

[ORAL EXAM] Anaphy Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulates red blood cell production

A

Erythropoietin

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2
Q

Active form of Vitamin D

A

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (Calcitriol)

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3
Q

Structural and functional units of the kidneys

A

Nephrons

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4
Q

Nephrons is composed of what

A
  1. Renal Corpuscle
  2. Renal Tubule
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5
Q

Actual site for filtration

A

Renal corpuscle

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6
Q

What does renal corpuscle consist of

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Glomerular Capsule
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7
Q

Knot of capillaries made of podocytes

A

Glomerulus

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8
Q

Arises from a cortical radiate artery and feeds the glomerulus

A

Afferent Arteriole

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9
Q

Receives blood that has passed through the glomerulus

A

Efferent Arteriole

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10
Q

Cup-shaped hollow structure that completely surrounds the glomerulus

A

Glomerular Capsule

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11
Q

First part of the renal tubule

A

Glomerular Capsule

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12
Q

Where renal tubule ends

A

Collecting duct

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13
Q

Medial indentation where several structure enter and exit the kidney

A

Renal Hilum

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14
Q

Where secretion and absorption takes place

A

Peritubular capillaries

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15
Q

What way does blood enter the glomerulus through podocytes?

A

Passive Diffusion

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16
Q

Nonselective, passive process in which fluid passes from the blood in the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule

A

Glomerular Filtration

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17
Q

What can pass through glomerulus

A

Water, Glucose, Amino Acids, Ions

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18
Q

What cannot pass through glomerulus

A

Proteins, Blood Cells

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19
Q

Refers to the blood pressure

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

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20
Q

Decrease in urine output

A

Oliguria

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21
Q

No urine output

A

Anuria

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22
Q

Excessive urine output

A

Polyuria

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23
Q

Transports needed filtrates into the tubule cells (urine to blood)

A

Tubular Reabsorption

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24
Q

What substances are reabsorbed:

A

Water
Ions
Amino Acids
Glucose

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25
Q

What substances reabsorbed in PCT?

A

NaCl, Bicarbonate, Glucose, Amino Acids, H2O

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26
Q

What substances reabsorbed in Loop of Henle?

A

NaCl, Water

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27
Q

What substances reabsorbed in DCT?

A

NaCl, Water, Urea

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28
Q

Tubular reabsorption in reverse

A

Tubular secretion

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29
Q

What substances secreted in PCT?

A

Drugs, Hydrogen Ions

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30
Q

What substances secreted in DCT?

A

Potassium

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31
Q

Trigger for Aldosterone Release caused by low blood pressure

A

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System

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32
Q

What does RAAS release?

A

Renin

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33
Q

What converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I

A

Renin

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34
Q

What converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

A

ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)

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35
Q

What converts Angiotensin II to Angiotensin III

A

Aminopeptidase A

36
Q

Where does ACE come from?

A

Lungs

37
Q

Diuretics: Acetazolamide

A

PCT

38
Q

Diuretics: Osmotic Agents (Mannitol)

A

PCT
Loop of Henle (Thin Descending)
DCT

39
Q

Diuretics: Loop Agents

A

Loop of Henle (Thick Ascending)

40
Q

Diuretics: Thiazides

A

DCT

41
Q

Diuretics: Aldosterone Antagonist

A

Collecting Duct

42
Q

Diuretics: ADH Antagonist

A

Collecting Duct

43
Q

Diuretics: Adenosine

A

PCT
Loop of Henle (Thin Ascending)
DCT

44
Q

Diuretics: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
a. Where does it take effect?
b. What does it target?

A

a. PCT
b. Carbonic Anhydrase

45
Q

Diuretics: Loop Diuretics
a. Where does it take effect?
b. What does it target?

A

a. Loop of Henle (Thick Ascending Limb)
b. Sodium Potassium Channel

46
Q

Diuretics: Thiazides
a. Where does it take effect?
b. What does it target?

A

a. DCT
b. Sodium Chloride Channel

47
Q

Diuretics: Potassium Sparing Diuretics
a. Where does it take effect?
b. What does it target?

A

a. Cortical Collecting Tubule
b. Targets various channels

48
Q

Diuretics: Vasopressin Antagonists
a. Where does it take effect?
b. What does it target?

A

a. Medullary Collecting Duct
b. Aquaporins

49
Q

Having both endocrine and exocrine function

A

Mixed gland

50
Q

Produces the hormones secreted by the pancreas

A

Pancreatic islets

51
Q

Produced by beta cells

A

Insulin

52
Q

Produced by alpha cells

A

Glucagon

53
Q

become Hypoglycemic

A

Insulin

54
Q

become Hyperglycemic

A

Glucagon

55
Q

breakdown of glucose

A

Glycolysis

56
Q

breakdown of glycogen

A

Glycogenolysis

57
Q

formation of glucose

A

Gluconeogenesis

58
Q

formation of glycogen

A

Glycogenesis

59
Q

Diabetes caused by pregnancy

A

Gestational Diabetes

60
Q

Diabetes that have different root or causes

A

Secondary Diabetes

61
Q

Problem with the immune system attacking the beta cell

A

Type 1 Diabetes

62
Q

Autoimmune disease diabetes

A

Type 1 Diabetes

63
Q

Insulin Resistance type of diabetes

A

Type 2 Diabetes

64
Q

Management of type 1 diabetes

A

Insulin

65
Q

Management of type 2 diabetes

A

OHAs (Oral Hypoglycemic Agents)

although insulin can also be given

66
Q

Primary Control System of the Body

A

Nervous System

67
Q

Consists of brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

interprets in coming sensory information

68
Q

Consists of spinal and cranial nerves

A

PNS

carry impulses to and from the brain&spinalcord

69
Q

Carry information to the CNS

A

Sensory Division (Afferent)

70
Q

Sensory (Afferent) Division Consists of what:

A

Somatic Sensory Afferent
Visceral Sensory Afferent

71
Q

Carries information from CNS to receptor organs

A

Motor Division (Efferent)

72
Q

Motor (Efferent) Division Consists of what:

A

Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

73
Q

Parasympathetic fibers release what

A

acetylcholine

74
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers release what

A

norepinephrine

75
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release what

A

acetylcholine

76
Q

What channels open during Depolarization

A

Sodium Channels

77
Q

Influx of Sodium

A

Depolarization

78
Q

What happens if enough sodium has entered the cell

A

Action Potential

78
Q

Fibers with what conducts nerve impulses more quickly

A

Myelin Sheath

79
Q

When decrease in voltage is below -70

A

Hyperpolarization

79
Q

Action Potential AKA

A

Nerve Impulse

79
Q

When plasma membrane is at rest or inactive

A

Polarized

80
Q

Efflux of Potassium

A

Repolarization

80
Q

Mechanism that restores the resting membrane voltage and intracellular ionic concentration

A

Sodium-Potassium Pump

80
Q

In sodium-potassium pump how many sodium go out and how many potassium go in

A

3 Sodium
2 Potassium

CEE 1 (12 decks)

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